The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Improved phase vocoder time-scale modification of audio
Abstract
The phase vocoder is a well established tool for time scaling and pitch shifting speech and audio signals via modification of their short-time Fourier transforms (STFTs). In contrast to time-domain time-scaling and pitch-shifting techniques, the phase vocoder is generally considered to yield high quality results, especially for large modification factors and/or polyphonic signals. However, the phase vocoder is also known for introducing a characteristic perceptual artifact, often described as "phasiness", "reverberation", or "loss of presence". This paper examines the problem of phasiness in the context of time-scale modification and provides new insights into its causes. Two extensions to the standard phase vocoder algorithm are introduced, and the resulting sound quality is shown to be significantly improved. Moreover, the modified phase vocoder is shown to provide a factor-of-two decrease in computational cost.
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In the citing paper
“One cause of 'phasiness' is phase unwrapping errors that occur when the time-scaling parameter (α) is not an integer (Laroche and Dolson, 1999).”
From An objective measure of quality for time-scale modification of audio (2021) · cites this paper as Laroche and Dolson, 1999
In the citing paper
“'Phasiness' causes spectral coloration of the signal (Laroche and Dolson, 1999), allowing for spectral similarity to be used as an indicator of phasiness.”
From An objective measure of quality for time-scale modification of audio (2021) · cites this paper as Laroche and Dolson, 1999
In the citing paper
“However, they are shown to be only high level indicators of 'phasiness' or quality (Laroche and Dolson, 1999).”
From An objective measure of quality for time-scale modification of audio (2021) · cites this paper as Laroche and Dolson, 1999
In the citing paper
“but introduce noticeable artifacts when modifying percussive signals.”
From A Review of Time-Scale Modification of Music Signals (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“When applied to harmonic signals, the output signals of OLA have a characteristic warbling sound, which is a kind of periodic frequency modulation [6].”
From A Review of Time-Scale Modification of Music Signals (2016) · cites this paper as [6]
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Citations
Cites
Signal estimation from modified short-time Fourier transform
Griffin, D., & Lim, J. (1984) · IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tassp.1984.1164317 · Cited by 2,095
Speech analysis/Synthesis based on a sinusoidal representation
McAulay, R., & Quatieri, T. F. (1986) · IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tassp.1986.1164910 · Cited by 1,620
Non-parametric techniques for pitch-scale and time-scale modification of speech
Moulines, É., & Laroche, J. (1995) · Speech Communication · doi:10.1016/0167-6393(94)00054-e · Cited by 289
Self-citationDolson, M. (1986) · Computer Music Journal · doi:10.2307/3680093 · Cited by 278
Self-citationSignal reconstruction from short-time Fourier transform magnitude
Nawab, S. H., Quatieri, T. F., & Lim, J. S. (1983) · IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tassp.1983.1164162 · Cited by 226
Shape invariant time-scale and pitch modification of speech
Quatieri, T. F., & McAulay, R. (1992) · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/78.120793 · Cited by 205
High quality time-scale modification for speech
Roucos, S., & Wilgus, A. (2005) · ICASSP '85. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/icassp.1985.1168381 · Cited by 143
Time-scale modification of speech based on short-time Fourier analysis
Portnoff, M. (1981) · IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tassp.1981.1163581 · Cited by 126
George, E. B., & Smith, M. J. T. (1992) · Journal of the Audio Engineering Society · Cited by 109
Puckette, M. (2002) · IEEE Workshop on Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics (WASPAA) · doi:10.1109/aspaa.1995.482995 · Cited by 67
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Digital Watermarking and Steganography
(2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-372585-1.x5001-3 · Cited by 1,726
Serafin, S., Franinović, K., Hermann, T. M., Lemaître, G., Rinott, M., & Rocchesso, D. (2011) · Cited by 572
Phase Processing for Single-Channel Speech Enhancement: History and recent advances
Gerkmann, T., Krawczyk-Becker, M., & Roux, J. L. (2015) · IEEE Signal Processing Magazine · doi:10.1109/msp.2014.2369251 · Cited by 244
Real-Time Signal Estimation From Modified Short-Time Fourier Transform Magnitude Spectra
Zhu, X., Beauregard, G. T., & Wyse, L. L. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing · doi:10.1109/tasl.2007.899236 · Cited by 125
An Ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks for Audio Classification
Nanni, L., Maguolo, G., Brahnam, S., & Paci, M. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11135796 · Cited by 115
Metadata
- Authors
- Laroche, J., & Dolson, M.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing
- Published
- 1999-05
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 323-332
- ISSN
- 1063-6676 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2116428736
- Cited by
- 276
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 4.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Speech and Audio Processing (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Speech and Audio Processing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Music and Audio Processing
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Digital Filter Design and Implementation
- Keywords
- phase vocoder, time-scale modification, pitch shifting, short-time Fourier transform, computational complexity reduction, sound quality
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