Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,692

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The swarm and the queen: towards a deterministic and adaptive particle swarm optimization

Clerc, M.·2003·Proceedings of the 1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation-CEC99 (Cat. No. 99TH8406)

Abstract

A very simple particle swarm optimization iterative algorithm is presented, with just one equation and one social/confidence parameter. We define a "no-hope" convergence criterion and a "rehope" method so that, from time to time, the swarm re-initializes its position, according to some gradient estimations of the objective function and to the previous re-initialization (it means it has a kind of very rudimentary memory). We then study two different cases, a quite "easy" one (the Alpine function) and a "difficult" one (the Banana function), but both just in dimension two. The process is improved by taking into account the swarm gravity center (the "queen") and the results are good enough so that it is certainly worthwhile trying the method on more complex problems.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1109/cec.1999.785513

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 1 references

Cited by

See all 1,692

Metadata

Authors
Clerc, M.
Venue
Proceedings of the 1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation-CEC99 (Cat. No. 99TH8406)
Publisher
IEEE
Published
2003-01-20
Pages
1951-1957
OpenAlex
W1907706552
Cited by
1,692
References
1
FWCI
42.72
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The swarm and the queen: towards a deterministic and adaptive particle swarm optimization. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/cec.1999.785513
The paper
Clerc, M. (2003). The swarm and the queen: towards a deterministic and adaptive particle swarm optimization. Proceedings of the 1999 Congress on Evolutionary Computation-CEC99 (Cat. No. 99TH8406). https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.1999.785513

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.