Dynamic combination of forecasts generated by diversification procedures applied to forecasting of airline cancellations
Open accessAbstract
The combination of forecasts is a well established procedure for improving forecast performance and decreasing the risk of selecting an inferior model out of an existing pool of models. Work in this area mainly focuses on combining several functionally different models, but some publications also deal with combining forecasts with the same functional approach. In the latter case, individual forecasts are generated by diversifying one or more model parameters or, if dealing with hierarchical data, by using forecasts from different levels. This work looks at multi-dimensional data from airline industry, with the aim of improving the forecast of cancellation rates for bookings. Three different methods are employed for the generation of individual forecasts. Forecast combinations are usually implemented in a more or less static structure, either including all available forecasts or trimming a fixed percentage of the worst performing models. For a big number of individual forecasts, this procedure can become inefficient. In this paper, a dynamic approach of pooling and trimming is applied to the generated forecasts for airline cancellation data.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Forecast combinations reduce uncertainties associated with individual models and increase forecast accuracy by exploiting the strengths of the models.
“Forecast combinations helps to reduce the uncertainties associated with individual models and increases forecast accuracy by exploiting the strengths of the models (Lemke et al., 2009).”
From Passenger demand forecasting in scheduled transportation (2020) · cites this paper as Lemke et al., 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 21 · Cited by 20
Research works printed but not linked: 20
- S. Riedel, "Forecast combination in revenue management demand fore- casting," Ph.D. dissertation, Bournemouth University in collaboration with Lufthansa Systems Berlin GmbH, 2007.
- E. S. Gardner, "Exponential smoothing: The state of the art-Part II," International Journal of Forecasting, vol. 22, pp. 637-666, October- December 2006.
- S. Makridakis and M. Hibon, "The M3-Competition: Results, Conclu- sions and Implications," International Journal of Forecasting, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 451-476, 2000.
- G. Zhang, B. Patuwo, and M. Hu, "Forecasting with Artificial Neural Networks: The State of the Art," International Journal of Forecasting, vol. 14, pp. 35-62, 1998.
- J. Faraway and C. Chatfield, "Time series forecasting with neural networks: a comparative study using the air line data," Applied Statistics, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 231-250, 1998.
- T. Koskela, M. Lehtokangas, J. Saarinen, and K. Kaski, "Time series prediction with multilayer perceptron, fir and elman neural networks," in Proceedingsof the World Congress on Neural Networks, 1996, pp. 491-496.
- C. Granger and Y. Jeon, "Thick modeling," Economic Modelling, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 323-343, 2004.
- A. Timmermann, "Forecast Combinations," in Handbook of Economic Forecasting, G. Elliott, C. Granger, and A. Timmermann, Eds. Else- vier, 2006, pp. 135-196.
- C. Granger and R. Ramanathan, "Improved methods of combining forecasts," Journal of Forecasting, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 197-204, 1984.
- M. Aiolfi and A. Timmermann, "Persistence in Forecasting Perfor- mance and Conditional Combination Strategies," Journal of Econo- metrics, vol. 127, no. 1-2, pp. 31-53, 2006.
- Y. Y. Chong and D. F. Hendry, "Econometric evaluation of linear macro-economic models," Review of Economic Studies, vol. 53, no. 4, pp. 671-90, August 1986, available at http://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/restud/v53y1986i4p671-90.html.
- Y. Fang, "Forecasting combination and encompassing tests," Interna- tional Journal of Forecasting, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 87-94, 2003.
- G. P. Zhang, "A combined arima and neural network approach for time series forecasting," Neural Networks in Business Forecasting, Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishing:, pp. 213-225, 2004.
- N. Terui and H. K. van Dijk, "Combined forecasts from linear and nonlinear time series models," International Journal of Forecasting, Volume 18, Issue 3, pp. 421-438, July-September 2002.
- C. Lemke and B. Gabrys, "Do we need experts for time series forecasting?" in Proceedings of the 16th European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks, Bruges, 2008, pp. 253-258.
- D. Bunn, "A Bayesian Approach to the Linear Combination of Forecasts," Operational Research Quarterly, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 325- 329, June 1975.
- P. Newbold and C. Granger, "Experience with Forecasting Univariate Time Series and the Combination of Forecasts," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General), vol. 137, no. 2, pp. 131-165, 1974.
- J. Bates and C. Granger, "The combination of forecasts," Operational Research, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 451-468, 1969.
- L. M. de Menezes, D. W. Bunn, and J. W. Taylor, "Review of guidelines for the use of combined forecasts," European Journal of Operational Research, vol. 120, no. 1, pp. 190-204, 2000.
- S. Riedel and B. Gabrys, "Dynamic pooling for the combination of forecasts generated using multi level learning," in Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 2007.
- Authors
- Lemke, C., Riedel, S., & Gabrys, B.
- Affiliations
- Bournemouth University (GB)
- Lufthansa (Germany) (DE)
- Venue
- 2009 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2009-03
- Pages
- 85-91
- OpenAlex
- W2139287124
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.74
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence for Financial Engineering & Economics (publishedVersion)
- Bournemouth University Research Online (Bournemouth University) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Forecasting Techniques and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Grey System Theory Applications
- Keywords
- forecast combination, booking cancellations, trimming, forecast accuracy, airline industry
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review