The DOI matches its Crossref record; 274 of the 280 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
SoK: Content Moderation in Social Media, from Guidelines to Enforcement, and Research to Practice
Open accessAbstract
Social media platforms have been establishing content moderation guidelines and employing various moderation policies to counter hate speech and misinformation. The goal of this paper is to study these community guidelines and moderation practices, as well as the relevant research publications, to identify the research gaps, differences in moderation techniques, and challenges that should be tackled by the social media platforms and the research community. To this end, we study and analyze fourteen most popular social media content moderation guidelines and practices, and consolidate them. We then introduce three taxonomies drawn from this analysis as well as covering over two hundred interdisciplinary research papers about moderation strategies. We identify the differences between the content moderation employed in mainstream and fringe social media platforms. Finally, we have in-depth applied discussions on both research and practical challenges and solutions.
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“Moderators, thus, face more recurrent risks of engagement with traumatic content (3).”
From Longitudinal comparison of psychological outcomes of professional content moderators engaged in resilience training program (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
SoK: Content Moderation for End-to-End Encryption
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Children, Parents, and Misinformation on Social Media
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Policy-as-Prompt: Rethinking Content Moderation in the Age of Large Language Models
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Singhal, M., Ling, C., Paudel, P., Thota, P., Kumarswamy, N., Stringhini, G., & Nilizadeh, S.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at Arlington (US)
- Boston University (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- 2023 IEEE 8th European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2023-07
- Pages
- 868-895
- OpenAlex
- W4385412489
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 280
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 8
- FWCI
- 10.12
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (publishedVersion)
- OpenBU (Boston University) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Boston University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Keywords
- content moderation, hate speech, misinformation, research gaps
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