Using Generalized Cross-Correlation estimators for leak signal velocity estimation and spectral region of operation selection
Abstract
In this paper, the performance of a set of Frequency Domain, Cross-Correlation (CC) estimators is studied, withing the framework of a Time-Difference-Of-Arrival (TDOA) approach for the estimation of the velocity of propagation of acoustic leak signals in metallic pipelines. The CC estimates are used for the necessary time delay derivation, upon the accuracy of which, much of the overall performance of the TDOA technique rests. Eight estimators adhering to the so-called Generalized Cross-Correlation (GCC) paradigm are considered, going through performance testing, utilizing leak (vibro-acoustic) signals captured from a real workplace pipe installation. The resulting test data are initially used in order to verify and highlight the theorized suitability of the low spectral region for efficient deployment of CC-TDOA approaches. Finally, the performance characteristics of the estimators are illustrated with the help of certain assessment metrics, like the accuracy of the estimated speed of propagation and the rate of successful estimates from the processing of multiple experiment data.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cross-correlation algorithm is simple to implement and can provide quite accurate time delay estimation for signals with sufficient SNR, and is widely used in acoustic localization.
“At present, in the study of delay estimation, the cross-correlation algorithm is simple to implement and can provide quite accurate time delay estimation for signals with sufficient SNR, which is widely used in the field of acoustic localization [4,5].”
From Research on the Improvement of the Signal Time Delay Estimation Method of Acoustic Positioning for Anti-Low Altitude UAVs (2025) · cites this paper as [5]
Cites
The generalized correlation method for estimation of time delay
Knapp, C., & Carter, G. (1976) · IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tassp.1976.1162830 · Cited by 4,433 · cited 4× · see citing works
“The GCC estimators included are the Roth (I and II) [8], [12], the Smoothed Coherence Transform (SCOT) [13], the Phase Transform (PHAT) [8], the Maximum Likelihood (ML) [14]–[16] or Hannan-Thomson (HT), the Wiener [14], [16] and the Hassab-Boucher (HB) [14], [17].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Liu, M., Yu, J., & Yang, Z. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25092735 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Glentis, G. O., & Angelopoulos, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Peloponnese (GR)
- Venue
- 2022 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2022-05-16
- Pages
- 1-6
- ISSN
- 2642-2069 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4283722091
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.24
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- European Regional Development Fund
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Computational Mechanics › Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Water Systems and Optimization
- Keywords
- generalized cross-correlation, time difference of arrival, acoustic leak detection, metallic pipelines, time delay estimation, wavelength selection, vibroacoustic signals, pipeline integrity monitoring
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
