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Conditional DETR for Fast Training Convergence
Open accessAbstract
The recently-developed DETR approach applies the transformer encoder and decoder architecture to object detection and achieves promising performance. In this paper, we handle the critical issue, slow training convergence, and present a conditional cross-attention mechanism for fast DETR training. Our approach is motivated by that the cross-attention in DETR relies highly on the content embeddings for localizing the four extremities and predicting the box, which increases the need for high-quality content embeddings and thus the training difficulty.Our approach, named conditional DETR, learns a conditional spatial query from the decoder embedding for decoder multi-head cross-attention. The benefit is that through the conditional spatial query, each cross-attention head is able to attend to a band containing a distinct region, e.g., one object extremity or a region inside the object box. This narrows down the spatial range for localizing the distinct regions for object classification and box regression, thus relaxing the dependence on the content embeddings and easing the training. Empirical results show that conditional DETR converges 6.7× faster for the backbones R50 and R101 and 10× faster for stronger backbones DC5-R50 and DC5-R101. Code is available at https://github.com/Atten4Vis/ConditionalDETR.
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“In addition, we find the conditional queries [25] used in DAB-DETR does not suit our model and we do not include them in our final model.”
From DINO: DETR with Improved DeNoising Anchor Boxes for End-to-End Object Detection (2022) · cites this paper as [25]
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Self-citationEfficient Object Detection in Smart Cities Using a Lightweight DETR Model
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Zhou, Z., Li, S., Lv, Y., Guo, S., Wang, H., Yang, J. B., You, J., & Zhang, K. (2026) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/jstars.2026.3655160 · Cited by 2
Zhu, C., Zhu, L., Bai, H., Li, T., Chen, H., & Wang, Y. (2026) · Signal Image and Video Processing · doi:10.1007/s11760-026-05109-8 · Cited by 2
Zhang, X., Liao, H., & Xu, Y. (2026) · Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2026.113990 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Meng, D., Chen, X., Fan, Z., Zeng, G., Li, H., Yuan, Y., Sun, L., & Wang, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Peking University (CN)
- Microsoft (United States) (US)
- Microsoft Research Asia (China) (CN)
- Venue
- 2021 IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV)
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2021-10
- Pages
- 3631-3640
- OpenAlex
- W3194329900
- Cited by
- 1,055
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 222 · 2025: 331 · 2024: 263 · 2023: 174 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 41.05
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
- Funders
- Research and Development
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Neural Network Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Visual Attention and Saliency Detection
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques
- Keywords
- DETR, object detection, cross-attention, training convergence, content embedding, spatial localization, object classification, transformer encoder-decoder
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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