The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Permutation Tests for Studying Classifier Performance
Abstract
We explore the framework of permutation-based p-values for assessing the behavior of the classification error. In this paper we study two simple permutation tests. The first test estimates the null distribution by permuting the labels in the data; this has been used extensively in classification problems in computational biology. The second test produces permutations of the features within classes, inspired by restricted randomization techniques traditionally used in statistics. We study the properties of these tests and present an extensive empirical evaluation on real and synthetic data. Our analysis shows that studying the classification error via permutation tests is effective; in particular, the restricted permutation test clearly reveals whether the classifier exploits the interdependency between the features in the data.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing
Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x · Cited by 109,482
An Introduction to the Bootstrap
Efron, B., & Tibshirani, R. J. (1994) · doi:10.1201/9780429246593 · Cited by 40,500
Data Mining: Practical Machine Learning Tools and Techniques
(2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-19715-5 · Cited by 25,437
UCI Machine Learning Repository
Asuncion, A. (2007) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 24,156
A Simple Sequentially Rejective Multiple Test Procedure
(1979) · Scandinavian Journal of Statistics · doi:10.2307/4615733 · Cited by 21,526
Bootstrap methods: another look at the jackknife
Efron, B. (1979) · The Annals of Statistics · doi:10.1214/aos/1176344552 · Cited by 17,602
Casella, G., & Berger, R. (2024) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781003456285 · Cited by 5,711
Sequential Tests of Statistical Hypotheses
Wald, A. (1992) · Springer Series in Statistics · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0919-5_18 · Cited by 1,345
Prediction error estimation: a comparison of resampling methods
Molinaro, A. M., Simon, R., & Pfeiffer, R. M. (2005) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/bti499 · Cited by 1,339
Is cross-validation valid for small-sample microarray classification?
Braga-Neto, U. M., & Dougherty, E. R. (2004) · Bioinformatics · doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btg419 · Cited by 597
Cited by
MRIQC: Advancing the automatic prediction of image quality in MRI from unseen sites
Esteban, O., Birman, D., Schaer, M., Koyejo, O. O., Poldrack, R. A., & Gorgolewski, K. J. (2017) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184661 · Cited by 920
Zeng, L.-L., Shen, H., Liu, L., Wang, L., Li, B., Fang, P., Zhou, Z., Li, Y., & Hu, D. (2012) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aws059 · Cited by 748
Distinct Early Serological Signatures Track with SARS-CoV-2 Survival
Atyeo, C., Fischinger, S., Zohar, T., Slein, M. D., Burke, J., Loos, C., McCulloch, D. J., Newman, K. L., Wolf, C., Yu, J., et al. (2020) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.07.020 · Cited by 349
Compromised Humoral Functional Evolution Tracks with SARS-CoV-2 Mortality
Zohar, T., Loos, C., Fischinger, S., Atyeo, C., Wang, C., Slein, M. D., Burke, J., Yu, J., Feldman, J., Hauser, B. M., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.052 · Cited by 297
Convolutional Neural Networks for Human Activity Recognition Using Body-Worn Sensors
Moya Rueda, F., Grzeszick, R., Fink, G. A., Feldhorst, S., & Ten Hompel, M. (2018) · Informatics · doi:10.3390/informatics5020026 · Cited by 196
Metadata
- Authors
- Ojala, M., & Garriga, G. C.
- Venue
- 2009 Ninth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2009-12
- Pages
- 908-913
- ISSN
- 1550-4786 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2160331326
- Cited by
- 555
- References
- 24
- FWCI
- 1.65
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Permutation Tests for Studying Classifier Performance. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/icdm.2009.108
- The paper
- Ojala, M., & Garriga, G. C. (2009). Permutation Tests for Studying Classifier Performance. 2009 Ninth IEEE International Conference on Data Mining. https://doi.org/10.1109/icdm.2009.108
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.