The DOI matches its Crossref record; 0 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Magnetic Tunnel Junction based True Random Number Generator with conditional perturb and real-time output probability tracking
Abstract
This work experimentally demonstrates for the first time a True Random Number Generator (TRNG) based on the random switching probability of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (MTJs). A conditional perturb and real-time output probability tracking scheme is proposed to enhance the reliability, speed, and power consumption while maintaining a 100% bit efficiency.
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In the citing paper
“For example, tRNGs such as RRAM or MRAM, which are not Si-based complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices, are widely studied given their inherent switching stochasticity as an entropy source, which relies on material-induced variations (11–18).”
From Cryptographic transistor for true random number generator with low power consumption (2024) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, their lack of compatibility with CMOS fabrication standards makes it difficult to apply them directly to the current CMOS logic platform used for mass production.”
From Cryptographic transistor for true random number generator with low power consumption (2024) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“However, these tRNGs require a few entropy extraction circuits, each of which consumes power at the milliwatt level.”
From Cryptographic transistor for true random number generator with low power consumption (2024) · cites this paper as [11]
Citations
Cites
Untitled work
yoshida (2009) · IRPS
UnresolvedUntitled work
yuasa (2013) · IEDM
UnresolvedUntitled work
rukhin (2010) · NIST Pub
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hunter (1999) · IRPS
UnresolvedUntitled work
zhao (2011) · JAP
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yang (2014) · ISSCC
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Memory devices and applications for in-memory computing
Sebastian, A., Le Gallo, M., Khaddam-Aljameh, R., & Eleftheriou, E. (2020) · Nature Nanotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41565-020-0655-z · Cited by 2,289
In-memory computing with resistive switching devices
Ielmini, D., & Wong, H.-S. P. (2018) · Nature Electronics · doi:10.1038/s41928-018-0092-2 · Cited by 2,298
“Due to its higher stability and better endurance, STT-MRAM devices appear to be the best device option to implement TRNGs.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialA review of emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies and applications
Chen, A. (2016) · Solid-State Electronics · doi:10.1016/j.sse.2016.07.006 · Cited by 668
“This behavior can be utilized to create a TRNG, which has been demonstrated experimentally with the proof of true randomness for security applications [126–128].”
BackgroundMethodStochastic p -Bits for Invertible Logic
Camsari, K. Y., Faria, R., Sutton, B., & Datta, S. (2017) · Physical Review X · doi:10.1103/physrevx.7.031014 · Cited by 409
Ambrogio, S., Balatti, S., Milo, V., Carboni, R., Wang, Z.-Q., Calderoni, A., Ramaswamy, N., & Ielmini, D. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices · doi:10.1109/ted.2016.2526647 · Cited by 256
Metadata
- Authors
- Choi, W. H., Lv, Y., Kim, J., Deshpande, A., Kang, G., Wang, J.-P., & Kim, C. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Venue
- 2014 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2014-12
- Pages
- 12.5.1-12.5.4
- ISSN
- 0163-1918 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2004596214
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5
- FWCI
- 6.75
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Technical digest - International Electron Devices Meeting/Technical digest (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Hardware and Architecture › Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Magnetic properties of thin films
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption
- Keywords
- true random number generator, magnetic tunnel junctions, power consumption, hardware randomness
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