The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Overfitting and neural networks: conjugate gradient and backpropagation
Abstract
Methods for controlling the bias/variance tradeoff typically assume that overfitting or overtraining is a global phenomenon. For multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural networks, global parameters such as the training time, network size, or the amount of weight decay are commonly used to control the bias/variance tradeoff. However, the degree of overfitting can vary significantly throughout the input space of the model. We show that overselection of the degrees of freedom for an MLP trained with backpropagation can improve the approximation in regions of underfitting, while not significantly overfitting in other regions. This can be a significant advantage over other models. Furthermore, we show that "better" learning algorithms such as conjugate gradient can in fact lead to worse generalization, because they can be more prone to creating varying degrees of overfitting in different regions of the input space. While experimental results can not cover all practical situations, our results do help to explain common behavior that does not agree with theoretical expectations. Our results suggest one important reason for the relative success of MLPs, bring into question common beliefs about neural network training regarding training algorithms, overfitting, and optimal network size, suggest alternate guidelines for practical use, and help to direct future work.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“This framework has proven its capability in overcoming some of the main challenges of object detection, including overtraining problems [5, 6] and false alarm distribution caused by the patches’ proposal stage.”
From A survey on deep multimodal learning for computer vision: advances, trends, applications, and datasets (2022) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
Cites
Advances in neural information processing systems 7
(1996) · Computers & Mathematics with Applications · doi:10.1016/s0898-1221(96)90463-0 · Cited by 14,759
Neural Networks and the Bias/Variance Dilemma
Geman, S., Bienenstock, E., & Doursat, R. (1992) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1992.4.1.1 · Cited by 3,578
(1989) · Cited by 3,214
Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 37
Touretzky, D. S. (2024) · doi:10.52202/079017 · Cited by 2,874
Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 5
Zemel, R. S., Williams, C. K. I., & Mozer, M. C. (1993) · Cited by 1,896
What Size Net Gives Valid Generalization?
Baum, E. B., & Haussler, D. H. (1989) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1989.1.1.151 · Cited by 1,549
(1992) · Cited by 1,405
Moody, J. E. (1991) · Cited by 437
For Valid Generalization the Size of the Weights is More Important than the Size of the Network
Bartlett, P. L. (1996) · Cited by 213
Note on Learning Rate Schedules for Stochastic Optimization
Darken, C. J., & Moody, J. E. (1990) · neural information processing systems · Cited by 133
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 14 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- darken, 1991, Advances in neural information processing systems, 3, 832
- weigend, 1991, Advances in neural information processing systems, 3, 875
- le cun, 1990, Advances in neural information processing systems, 2, 598
- vapnik, 1982, Estimation of Dependencies Based on Empirical Data
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 490
Lethy, A., Eleraki, M., Samy, A., & Deebes, H. A. (2018) · Space Weather · doi:10.1029/2018sw001863 · Cited by 42
Knowledge Enhanced Hybrid Neural Network for Text Matching
Wu, Y., Wu, W., Xu, C., & Li, Z. (2018) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v32i1.11949 · Cited by 41
An Overview of Speech Enhancement Based on Deep Learning Techniques
Jannu, C., & Vanambathina, S. D. (2023) · International Journal of Image and Graphics · doi:10.1142/s0219467825500019 · Cited by 43
Živić, F., Kaplarevic-Malisic, A. M., Grujović, N., Stojanovic, B. S., & Ivanovic, M. R. (2025) · Materials Today Communications · doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.113525 · Cited by 51
Artificial neural networks based techniques for anomaly detection in Apache Spark
Alnafessah, A., & Casale, G. (2019) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-019-02998-y · Cited by 46
Li, S., Zuo, X., Li, Z., & Wang, H. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20030911 · Cited by 42
Improving Animal Monitoring Using Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUAS) and Deep Learning Networks
Zhou, M., Elmore, J. A., Samiappan, S., Evans, K. O., Pfeiffer, M. B., Blackwell, B. F., & Iglay, R. B. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21175697 · Cited by 44
Generalization Capability of Artificial Neural Network Incorporated with Pruning Method
Urolagin, S., Prema, K. V., & Reddy, N. V. S. (2012) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29280-4_19 · Cited by 41
Learning machines: Rationale and application in ground-level ozone prediction
Lu, J. W. Z., & Wang, D. (2014) · Applied Soft Computing · doi:10.1016/j.asoc.2014.07.008 · Cited by 41
Ghazali, R., Hussain, A. J., Liatsis, P., & Tawfik, H. (2007) · Neural Computing and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00521-007-0132-8 · Cited by 40
Hippert, H. S., & Pedreira, C. E. (2004) · IEE Proceedings - Generation Transmission and Distribution · doi:10.1049/ip-gtd:20040491 · Cited by 40
Financial time series prediction using ℓ2,1RF-ELM
Xue, J., Zhou, S., Liu, Q., Liu, X., & Yin, J. (2017) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2017.04.076 · Cited by 39
An Active Learning Approach for the Design of Doped LLZO Ceramic Garnets for Battery Applications
Verduzco, J. C., Marinero, E. E., & Strachan, A. H. (2021) · Integrating materials and manufacturing innovation · doi:10.1007/s40192-021-00214-7 · Cited by 39
Gad, G., & Fadlullah, Z. M. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s23010006 · Cited by 41
Denoising stacked autoencoders for transient electromagnetic signal denoising
Lin, F., Chen, K., Wang, X., Cao, H., Chen, D., & Chen, F. (2019) · Nonlinear processes in geophysics · doi:10.5194/npg-26-13-2019 · Cited by 38
Towards Repayment Prediction in Peer-to-Peer Social Lending Using Deep Learning
Kim, J.-Y., & Cho, S.-B. (2019) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math7111041 · Cited by 40
CHS-Net: A Deep Learning Approach for Hierarchical Segmentation of COVID-19 via CT Images
Punn, N. S., & Agarwal, S. (2022) · Neural Processing Letters · doi:10.1007/s11063-022-10785-x · Cited by 38
Gaskett, C. (2002) · PubMed Central · doi:10.25911/5d7a2a09a7dfd · Cited by 38
Graph Autoencoders for Business Process Anomaly Detection
Huo, S., Völzer, H., Reddy, P. S., Agarwal, P., Isahagian, V., & Muthusamy, V. (2021) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-85469-0_26 · Cited by 37
van der Lubbe, M. F. J. A., Vaidyanathan, A., de Wit, M., van den Burg, E. L., Postma, A. A., Bruintjes, T. D., Bilderbeek-Beckers, M. A. L., Dammeijer, P. F. M., Bossche, S. V., Rompaey, V. V., et al. (2021) · La radiologia medica · doi:10.1007/s11547-021-01425-w · Cited by 37
Remote Sensing of Chlorophyll-a in Xinkai Lake Using Machine Learning and GF-6 WFV Images
Xu, S., Li, S., Tao, Z., Song, K., Wen, Z., Li, Y., & Chen, F. (2022) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs14205136 · Cited by 37
G2Vec: Distributed gene representations for identification of cancer prognostic genes
Choi, J., Oh, I., Seo, S., & Ahn, J. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-32180-0 · Cited by 34
Penttilä, S., Kah, P., Ratava, J., & Eskelinen, H. (2019) · The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology · doi:10.1007/s00170-019-04424-4 · Cited by 33
Deep Channel Prediction: A DNN Framework for Receiver Design in Time-Varying Fading Channels
Mattu, S. R., Theagarajan, L. N., & Chockalingam, A. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology · doi:10.1109/tvt.2022.3162887 · Cited by 36
Falcone, R., Ciaramella, A., Carrabs, F., Strisciuglio, N., & Martinelli, E. (2022) · Structures · doi:10.1016/j.istruc.2022.05.008 · Cited by 37
Liu, G., Singha, M., Pu, L., Neupane, P., Feinstein, J., Wu, H., Ramanujam, J., & Bryliński, M. (2021) · Journal of Cheminformatics · doi:10.1186/s13321-021-00540-0 · Cited by 37
AL-Qutami, T. A., Ibrahim, R., Ismail, I. B., & Ishak, M. A. (2017) · International Journal on Smart Sensing and Intelligent Systems · doi:10.21307/ijssis-2017-209 · Cited by 32
Fathnejat, H., & Ahmadi‐Nedushan, B. (2020) · Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11709-020-0628-1 · Cited by 32
Machine‐learning methodology for energy efficient routing
Masikos, M., Demestichas, K. P., Adamopoulou, E. F., & Theologou, M. (2013) · IET Intelligent Transport Systems · doi:10.1049/iet-its.2013.0006 · Cited by 32
Environmental impact of blasting at Drenovac limestone quarry (Serbia)
Vasović, D., Kostić, S. D., Ravilić, M., & Trajković, S. (2014) · Environmental Earth Sciences · doi:10.1007/s12665-014-3280-z · Cited by 31
Pałczyński, K., Śmigiel, S., Gackowska, M., Ledziński, D., Bujnowski, S., & Lutowski, Z. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21238025 · Cited by 33
Balasubramaniam, K., Sikdar, S., Ziaja, D., Jurek, M., Soman, R., & Malinowski, P. (2023) · Smart Materials and Structures · doi:10.1088/1361-665x/acb578 · Cited by 30
Park, K., Kim, J., & Lee, J. W. (2018) · Translational Vision Science & Technology · doi:10.1167/tvst.7.4.14 · Cited by 30
Segmentation of Tuta Absoluta ’s Damage on Tomato Plants: A Computer Vision Approach
Loyani, L., Bradshaw, K., & Machuve, D. Z. (2021) · Applied Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1080/08839514.2021.1972254 · Cited by 30
Classification-based objective functions
Rimer, M. E., & Martinez, T. R. (2006) · Machine Learning · doi:10.1007/s10994-006-6266-6 · Cited by 30
Deep Learning Waterline Detection for Low-Cost Autonomous Boats
Steccanella, L., Bloisi, D. D., Blum, J., & Farinelli, A. (2018) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-01370-7_48 · Cited by 30
The trauma severity model: An ensemble machine learning approach to risk prediction
Gorczyca, M. T., Toscano, N. C., & Cheng, J. D. (2019) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2019.02.025 · Cited by 29
Mehltretter, J., Fratila, R., Benrimoh, D. A., Kapelner, A. D., Perlman, K., Snook, E., Israel, S. A., Armstrong, C., Miresco, M., & Turecki, G. (2020) · Computational Psychiatry · doi:10.1162/cpsy_a_00029 · Cited by 29
Performance Evaluation of CNN-Based End-Point Detection Using In-Situ Plasma Etching Data
Kim, B., Im, S., & Yoo, G. (2020) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics10010049 · Cited by 29
Li, T., Alipour, M., & Harris, D. K. (2021) · Advanced Engineering Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.aei.2021.101333 · Cited by 30
A Bi-FPN-Based Encoder–Decoder Model for Lung Nodule Image Segmentation
Annavarapu, C. S. R., Parisapogu, S. A. B., Keetha, N., Donta, P. K., & Rajita, G. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13081406 · Cited by 29
Mas-Cabo, J., Prats-Boluda, G., Garcia‐Casado, J., Alberola-Rubio, J., Ortiz, I. R. M., Martínez-Sáez, C., Alfredo Perales, M., & Ye-Lin, Y. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20092681 · Cited by 28
He, H.-D., Lu, J. W. Z., & Xue, Y. (2014) · Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment · doi:10.1007/s00477-014-0989-x · Cited by 28
Wave-Tracking in the Surf Zone Using Coastal Video Imagery with Deep Neural Networks
Kim, J., Kim, J., Kim, T., Huh, D., & Caires, S. (2020) · Atmosphere · doi:10.3390/atmos11030304 · Cited by 28
Zhang, L., Gao, S., & Yang, T. (2024) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.130643 · Cited by 29
Fast Near Ab Initio Potential Energy Surfaces Using Machine Learning
Lu, F., Cheng, L., DiRisio, R. J., Finney, J. M., Boyer, M. A., Moonkaen, P., Sun, J., Lee, S. J. R., Deustua, J. E., Miller, T. F., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.2c02243 · Cited by 27
SAR Target Recognition via Random Sampling Combination in Open-World Environments
Geng, X., Dong, G., Xia, Z., & Liu, H. (2022) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing · doi:10.1109/jstars.2022.3225882 · Cited by 26
Use and misuse of supervised pattern recognition methods for interpreting compositional data
González, A. G. (2007) · Journal of Chromatography A · doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.02.091 · Cited by 26
Babaei, H., Zamani, M., & Mohammadi, S. (2025) · Machine learning for computational science and engineering · doi:10.1007/s44379-025-00021-3 · Cited by 33
Neural Networks and Betting Strategies for Tennis
Candila, V., & Palazzo, L. (2020) · Risks · doi:10.3390/risks8030068 · Cited by 25
Bidirectional recurrent neural networks for seismic event detection
Birnie, C. E., & Hansteen, F. (2022) · Geophysics · doi:10.1190/geo2020-0806.1 · Cited by 26
Liapis, A., Faliagka, E., Antonopoulos, C., Κεραμίδας, Γ., & Voros, N. S. (2021) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics10131550 · Cited by 28
Machine learning reinforced microstructure-sensitive prediction of material property closures
Hasan, M., & Acar, P. (2021) · Computational Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2021.110930 · Cited by 25
Vogl, M., Rötzel, P. G., & Homes, S. (2022) · Machine Learning with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.mlwa.2022.100302 · Cited by 24
Automatic measurement of payload for heavy vehicles using strain gages
Yang, S.-K., Liu, T. S., & Cheng, Y. C. (2007) · Measurement · doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2007.07.003 · Cited by 24
Adversarial robustness improvement for deep neural networks
Eleftheriadis, C., Symeonidis, A. L., & Katsaros, P. (2024) · Machine Vision and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00138-024-01519-1 · Cited by 31
Impact of the Partitioning Method on Multidimensional Adaptive-Chemistry Simulations
D’Alessio, G., Cuoci, A., Aversano, G., Bracconi, M., Stagni, A., & Parente, A. (2020) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en13102567 · Cited by 23
Heinrich, F., Noering, F. K. D., Pruckner, M., & Jonas, K. (2021) · Journal of Energy Storage · doi:10.1016/j.est.2021.102598 · Cited by 25
Lawrence, T., Zhang, L., Rogage, K., & Lim, C. P. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21237936 · Cited by 25
Wang, H., Yue, T., Yang, J., Wu, W., & Xing, E. P. (2019) · BMC Bioinformatics · doi:10.1186/s12859-019-3300-9 · Cited by 23
Machine-Learning Identification of Airborne UAV-UEs Based on LTE Radio Measurements
de Amorim, R. M., Wigard, J., Nguyen, H. C., Kovács, I. Z., & Mogensen, P. (2017) · IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps) · doi:10.1109/glocomw.2017.8269067 · Cited by 21
A Few-Shot Learning Approach for Covid-19 Diagnosis Using Quasi-Configured Topological Spaces
Liu, H., Wang, C., Jiang, X., & Khishe, M. (2023) · Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research · doi:10.2478/jaiscr-2024-0005 · Cited by 22
Traffic Light Recognition Based on Binary Semantic Segmentation Network
Kim, H.-K., Yoo, K.-Y., Park, J. H., & Jung, H.-Y. (2019) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s19071700 · Cited by 23
Huang, K., Hallinan, K. P., Lou, R., Alanezi, A., Alshatshati, S. F., & Sun, Q. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12177110 · Cited by 25
Multi-distance metric network for few-shot learning
Gao, F., Cai, L., Yang, Z., Song, S., & Wu, C. (2022) · International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics · doi:10.1007/s13042-022-01539-1 · Cited by 21
Local anomaly detection for mobile network monitoring
Kumpulainen, P. S., & Hätönen, K. (2008) · Information Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ins.2008.05.038 · Cited by 22
A Segment Level Approach to Speech Emotion Recognition Using Transfer Learning
Sahoo, S., Kumar, P., Raman, B., & Roy, P. P. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41299-9_34 · Cited by 21
Ikeagwuani, C. C., & Nwonu, D. C. (2021) · Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering · doi:10.1007/s13369-021-05764-8 · Cited by 20
Msilini, A., Charron, C., Ouarda, T. B. M. J., & Masselot, P. (2022) · Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue canadienne des ressources hydriques · doi:10.1080/07011784.2022.2044385 · Cited by 20
An analysis of underfitting in MLP networks
Narayan, S., & Tagliarini, G. A. (2006) · International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) · doi:10.1109/ijcnn.2005.1555986 · Cited by 20
Kook, S., Choi, H. W., & Chatterjee, A. (2013) · IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems · doi:10.1109/tvlsi.2012.2190433 · Cited by 20
Small Number of Hidden Units for ELM with Two-Stage Linear Model
Huynh, H. T., & Won, Y. (2008) · IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems · doi:10.1093/ietisy/e91-d.4.1042 · Cited by 20
The prediction of residual stress of welding process based on deep neural network
Qin, Y., Ma, C.-W., Mei, L., Fang, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2024) · Materials Today Communications · doi:10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.108595 · Cited by 19
Lee, D., Lee, C., Han, K., Goo, T., Kim, B., Han, Y., Kwon, W., Lee, S., Jang, J., & Park, T. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-94183-y · Cited by 19
Feng, W., Wu, Y., Wu, W., Li, Z., & Zhou, M. (2017) · International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval) · doi:10.18653/v1/s17-2045 · Cited by 19
Hu, S., d’Ambrosio, S., Finesso, R., Manelli, A., Marzano, M. R., Mittica, A., Ventura, L., Wang, H., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en12183423 · Cited by 19
A deep learning approach to real-time parking availability prediction for smart cities
Arjona, J., Linares, M. P., & Casanovas, J. (2019) · International Conference on Data Science, E-Learning and Information Systems (DATA) · doi:10.1145/3368691.3368707 · Cited by 19
Fan, S., Zhao, Z., Yu, H., Wang, L., Zheng, C., Huang, X., Yang, Z., Xing, M., Lu, Q. L., & Luo, Y. (2021) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-020-01354-0 · Cited by 19
Syihad, I. R., Rizal, M., Sari, Z., & Azhar, Y. (2023) · Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) · doi:10.29207/resti.v7i6.5000 · Cited by 18
Deep learning for virtual metrology: Modeling with optical emission spectroscopy data
Terzi, M., Masiero, C., Beghi, A., Maggipinto, M., & Susto, G. A. (2017) · IEEE International Forum on Research and Technology for Society and Industry (RTSI) · doi:10.1109/rtsi.2017.8065905 · Cited by 19
EvoAAA: An evolutionary methodology for automated neural autoencoder architecture search
Charte, F., Rivera, A. J., Martínez, F., & del Jesús, M. J. (2020) · Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering · doi:10.3233/ica-200619 · Cited by 18
Vietnamese handwritten character recognition using convolutional neural network
Vinh, T. Q., Duy, L. H., & Nhan, N. T. (2020) · IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.11591/ijai.v9.i2.pp276-281 · Cited by 18
Regional Frequency Analysis at Ungauged Sites with Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines
Msilini, A., Masselot, P., & Ouarda, T. B. M. J. (2020) · Journal of Hydrometeorology · doi:10.1175/jhm-d-19-0213.1 · Cited by 18
Knowledge-Driven Machine Learning and Applications in Wireless Communications
Li, D., Xu, Y., Zhao, M., Zhu, J., & Zhang, S. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Cognitive Communications and Networking · doi:10.1109/tccn.2021.3128597 · Cited by 22
Personalized quantification of facial normality: a machine learning approach
Boyaci, O., Serpedin, E., & Stotland, M. A. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-78180-x · Cited by 17
Trivedi, U. B., Bhatt, M., & Srivastava, P. (2021) · Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation/Advances in science, technology & innovation · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66218-9_40 · Cited by 17
Sivaraman, S., Tauseef, S. M., & Siddiqui, N. A. (2021) · Process Safety and Environmental Protection · doi:10.1016/j.psep.2021.11.034 · Cited by 17
Wang, P., & Jiang, Y. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22176712 · Cited by 17
Adversarial Artificial Intelligence Assistance for Secure 5G-Enabled IoT
Bohara, M. H., Patel, K., Saiyed, A., & Ganatra, A. P. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67490-8_13 · Cited by 17
Designing Optimal Flow Patterns for Fall Chinook Salmon in a Central Valley, California, River
Jager, H., & Rose, K. A. (2003) · North American Journal of Fisheries Management · doi:10.1577/1548-8675(2003)023 · Cited by 61
Training Single Hidden Layer Feedforward Neural Networks by Singular Value Decomposition
Huynh, H. T., & Won, Y. (2009) · International Conference on Computer Sciences and Convergence Information Technology · doi:10.1109/iccit.2009.170 · Cited by 17
Kalakoti, Y., Yadav, S., & Sundar, D. (2021) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers13133106 · Cited by 17
Deep Palmprint Recognition with Alignment and Augmentation of Limited Training Samples
Brown, D., & Bradshaw, K. (2021) · SN Computer Science · doi:10.1007/s42979-021-00859-3 · Cited by 18
Patino-Ramirez, F., Wang, Z. J., Chau, D. H., & Arson, C. F. (2022) · Acta Geotechnica · doi:10.1007/s11440-022-01698-z · Cited by 16
Computed Tomography Image Processing Methods for Lung Nodule Detection and Classification: A Review
Siddiqui, E. A., Chaurasia, V., Shandilya, M., & Patel, V. (2022) · Lecture notes in electrical engineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-4687-5_18 · Cited by 16
Convolutional Channel-Wise Competitive Learning for the Forward-Forward Algorithm
Papachristodoulou, A., Kyrkou, C., Timotheou, S., & Theocharides, T. (2024) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v38i13.29369 · Cited by 24
Understanding Social Behaviour in a Health-Care Facility from Localization Data: A Case Study
Bellini, G., Cipriano, M., Comai, S., Angeli, N. D., Gargano, J. P., Gianella, M., Goi, G., Ingrao, G., Masciadri, A., Rossi, G., et al. (2021) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s21062147 · Cited by 16
Gao, Y., Gu, L., Wang, Y., Yang, F., & Yang, F. (2019) · BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making · doi:10.1186/s12911-019-0759-2 · Cited by 16
Spatial Transferability of Neural Network Models in Travel Demand Modeling
Tang, L., Xiong, C., & Zhang, L. (2018) · Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000752 · Cited by 15
InstaIndoor and multi-modal deep learning for indoor scene recognition
Glavan, A. I., & Talavera, E. (2022) · Neural Computing and Applications · doi:10.1007/s00521-021-06781-2 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Lawrence, S., & Giles, C. L.
- Affiliations
- NEC (Japan) (JP)
- ORCID
- Giles, C.L.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the IEEE-INNS-ENNS International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IJCNN 2000. Neural Computing: New Challenges and Perspectives for the New Millennium
- Publisher
- IEEE
- Published
- 2000
- Pages
- 114-119 vol.1
- ISSN
- 2161-4407 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2114367267
- Cited by
- 491
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 51 · 2021: 67 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 2.54
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Neural Networks and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Machine Learning and ELM
- Keywords
- overfitting, bias-variance trade-off, multilayer perceptron, conjugate gradient method, backpropagation, generalization, learning algorithms, network size, weight decay, input space
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review