The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Dynamic-Fusion-Based Federated Learning for COVID-19 Detection
Open accessAbstract
Medical diagnostic image analysis (e.g., CT scan or X-Ray) using machine learning is an efficient and accurate way to detect COVID-19 infections. However, the sharing of diagnostic images across medical institutions is usually prohibited due to patients' privacy concerns. This causes the issue of insufficient data sets for training the image classification model. Federated learning is an emerging privacy-preserving machine learning paradigm that produces an unbiased global model based on the received local model updates trained by clients without exchanging clients' local data. Nevertheless, the default setting of federated learning introduces a huge communication cost of transferring model updates and can hardly ensure model performance when severe data heterogeneity of clients exists. To improve communication efficiency and model performance, in this article, we propose a novel dynamic fusion-based federated learning approach for medical diagnostic image analysis to detect COVID-19 infections. First, we design an architecture for dynamic fusion-based federated learning systems to analyze medical diagnostic images. Furthermore, we present a dynamic fusion method to dynamically decide the participating clients according to their local model performance and schedule the model fusion based on participating clients' training time. In addition, we summarize a category of medical diagnostic image data sets for COVID-19 detection, which can be used by the machine learning community for image analysis. The evaluation results show that the proposed approach is feasible and performs better than the default setting of federated learning in terms of model performance, communication efficiency, and fault tolerance.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Similarly, Zhang et al. [24] and Yan et al. [29] used X-ray and CT image data for different Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures in FL settings.”
From A systematic review on federated learning in medical image analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, Zhang et al. [24] proposed a FL oriented COVID-19 detection model where chest X-ray and CT images were considered from three datasets, Qatar-Dhaka data, COVID-CT, and Figure 1 dataset.”
From A systematic review on federated learning in medical image analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Next, within the 10,000 sample range, seven papers [21], [24], [25], [27], [28], [31] and [32] used data samples between 2,109 and 6,284 and this number is quite good.”
From A systematic review on federated learning in medical image analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Only two articles we defined as VFL; [24] have taken three datasets, two X-ray and one CT image based.”
From A systematic review on federated learning in medical image analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“[24] have taken three datasets, two X-ray and one CT image based.In the article the authors combined the both types of images and used them to train and test models.”
From A systematic review on federated learning in medical image analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Score of [30], [25] and [24] is not clear, they discussed the accuracy between 90-95%.”
From A systematic review on federated learning in medical image analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“A dynamic fusion based vertical FL pro-”
From A systematic review on federated learning in medical image analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Non-IID data is not considered.”
From A systematic review on federated learning in medical image analysis (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Communication-Efficient Learning of Deep Networks from Decentralized Data
McMahan, H. B., Moore, E., Ramage, D., Hampson, S., & Arcas, B. A. Y. (2016) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1602.05629 · Cited by 14,215
Advances and Open Problems in Federated Learning
Kairouz, P., & McMahan, H. B. (2021) · Foundations and Trends in Machine Learning · doi:10.1561/2200000083 · Cited by 7,772
Client Selection for Federated Learning with Heterogeneous Resources in Mobile Edge
Nishio, T., & Yonetani, R. (2019) · ICC 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) · doi:10.1109/icc.2019.8761315 · Cited by 1,875
SCAFFOLD: Stochastic Controlled Averaging for Federated Learning
Karimireddy, S. P., Kale, S., Mohri, M., Reddi, S. J., Stich, S. U., & Suresh, A. T. (2019) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1910.06378 · Cited by 1,734
Sattler, F., Muller, K.-R., & Samek, W. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems · doi:10.1109/tnnls.2020.3015958 · Cited by 1,355
Federated Learning for Mobile Keyboard Prediction
Hard, A., Rao, K., Mathews, R., Ramaswamy, S., Beaufays, F., Augenstein, S., Eichner, H., Kiddon, C., & Ramage, D. (2018) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1811.03604 · Cited by 1,148
Federated Learning via Over-the-Air Computation
Yang, K., Jiang, T., Shi, Y., & Ding, Z. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications · doi:10.1109/twc.2019.2961673 · Cited by 1,084
Federated Learning of Deep Networks using Model AveragingPreprint
McMahan, H. B., Moore, E., Ramage, D., & y Arcas, B. A. (2016) · arXiv (Cornell University) · Cited by 1,005
Blockchained On-Device Federated Learning
Kim, H., Park, J., Bennis, M., & Kim, S.-L. (2020) · IEEE Communications Letters · doi:10.1109/lcomm.2019.2921755 · Cited by 887
Asynchronous Federated OptimizationPreprint
Xie, C., Koyejo, O., & Gupta, I. (2019) · arXiv.org · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1903.03934 · Cited by 828
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–328 of 328
EPIC: Enhancing Privacy Through Iterative Collaboration
Chourasia, P., Lonkar, H., Ali, S., & Patterson, M. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-91428-7_2
Fedavgen: Metadata for Model Aggregation in Communication Systems
Kiggundu, A., Krummacker, D., & Schotten, H. D. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Network Softwarization (NetSoft) · doi:10.1109/netsoft64993.2025.11080586
Federated Service for Semantic Misalignment in Supply–Demand Matching
Wang, S., Qin, R., Li, J., Liang, X., & Wang, F. (2025) · IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems · doi:10.1109/tcss.2025.3581336
Self-citationLau, S. L., Aslam, S., Chakrabarti, A., & Porras, J. (2025) · IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI · doi:10.1109/isvlsi65124.2025.11130286
Federated Learning for Remote Health Monitoring—A Review
Upadrista, V., Nazir, S., & Tianfield, H. (2025) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-99270-4_3
Federated Learning in the Healthcare Industry
Mondal, R. (2025) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-99270-4_2
Manocha, A., Sood, S. K., & Bhatia, M. (2025) · IEEE Internet of Things Journal · doi:10.1109/jiot.2025.3617018
Enhancing Security and Privacy in Federated Learning for Distributed Systems: The REMINDER Approach
Cortés-Delgado, F. J., Campos, E. M., Hernández-Ramos, J. L., Skármeta, A., Latif, S., Djenouri, D., Krenn, S., Puiu, A., & Vizitiu, A. (2025) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-09555-8_4
Wang, J., Zheng, M., & Qin, Q. (2025) · International Conference on Educational Technology (ICET) · doi:10.1109/icet67421.2025.11380455
Neeboriya, D., & Venu, N. (2025) · IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Energy, Signal Processing and Cyber Security (iSSSC) · doi:10.1109/isssc66652.2025.11388475
Song, P., Chin, W. M., Nie, X.-C., Li, L.-Y., Yang, Y.-J., Zhang, L., & Zhong, M. (2026) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-026-06897-7 · Cited by 1
Das, S., Ankushavali, M., Sharma, N., Badhani, R., & Kharola, A. (2026) · IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science (SCEECS) · doi:10.1109/sceecs68810.2026.11429822
A Service-Oriented Adaptive Hierarchical Incentive Solution for Federated Learning
Cao, J., Gao, Y., & Huang, J. (2026) · Lecture notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-21171-2_6
Lanka, S. (2026) · International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering Management & Applied Science · doi:10.51583/ijltemas.2026.150300050
Parvej, R., Kamal, A. H. M., Bulbul, A. A.-M., Aloteibi, S., & Moni, M. A. (2026) · Signal Processing · doi:10.1016/j.sigpro.2026.110670
Exploring the Role of Federated Learning and Split Learning in Advancing Healthcare Technology
Mithaguru, & Fernando, A. V. (2026) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-7289-2_12 · Cited by 1
Systematic Literature Review on Wearable Devices as a Gateway for Cyberattacks
Nacianceno, M. C. B., Alegre, A. J. C., David, C. J. R., Gutierrez, J. G., & Jarabelo, J. P. (2026) · International Conference on Information and Network Technologies (ICINT) · doi:10.1109/icint69379.2026.11549924
Wang, B., & Hua, X. (2026) · Cluster Computing · doi:10.1007/s10586-026-06141-6
The Future of Green AI in Global Hazard Detection Systems
Ahmed, I., Nazim, M., & Arora, P. (2026) · The Springer series in applied machine learning · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-28672-7_6
Stress Monitoring with Machine Learning: Detecting and Managing Mental Health
Jiang, S., Li, Y., Firouzi, F., Chakrabarty, K., & Elbogen, E. B. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-09253-3_4
A systematic literature review on federated learning approaches in healthcare
Kaur, A., & Kukreja, V. (2026) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-026-21840-3
Poornachander, I., Jatoth, R. K., & Pawar, S. (2026) · Cognitive Computation · doi:10.1007/s12559-026-10646-y
SPO-YOLO: Lightweight Small-Object Detection for UAV Aerial Imagery with Federated Learning
Wu, J., Yin, H., Wu, G., & Wan, H. (2026) · Journal of Circuits Systems and Computers · doi:10.1142/s0218126626440135
A Conceptual Framework for Federated Learning in Acute Kidney Injury Prediction
Hernandez, M., & Vega, C. (2022) · Journal of Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare Systems · doi:10.68159/t935635935
Mahfouz, K., Abdelaziz, R. A., Adel, S., Mostafa, D., Nabil, T., & Saad, R. (2025) · Journal of Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare Systems · doi:10.68159/i028497975
FedLoop: Personalized federated learning with closed-loop feature rectification
Ma, Z., Wu, Z., Gao, X., Wang, L., Lin, Y., Wang, J., & Wang, L. (2026) · Information Fusion · doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2026.104785
OIAFed: All-in-One Federated Learning Framework
Chen, T., Zhou, L., Zhang, B., Liu, Y., Guo, S., Meng, L., Luo, D., Sun, Y., & Zhang, W. (2026) · IEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Security Informatics (ISI) · doi:10.1109/isi69914.2026.11685850
Self-citationSchmidt, O., Weber, L., & Richter, J. (2026) · Journal of Health Informatics and Digital Systems · doi:10.68159/j531076390
Metadata
- Authors
- Zhang, W., Zhou, T., Lu, Q., Wang, X., Zhu, C., Sun, H., Wang, Z., Lo, S. K., & Wang, F.-Y.
- Affiliations
- China University of Petroleum, East China (CN)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (AU)
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
- Southern University of Science and Technology (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Weishan
- ORCID
- Venue
- IEEE Internet of Things Journal
- Published
- 2021-11-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 15884-15891
- ISSN
- 2327-4662 (ISSN-L)
- 2372-2541
- PMC
- PMC9128757
- OpenAlex
- W3127299377
- Cited by
- 329
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 49 · 2024: 67 · 2023: 86 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 36
- FWCI
- 22.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Internet of Things Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (62072469)
- National Key Research and Development Program (2018YFE0116700, 2020YFB2104301)
- Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2019MF049)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2015020031)
- Project “PCL Future Greater-Bay Area Network Facilities for Large-Scale Experiments and Applications” (LZC0019)
- Special Project of West Coast Artificial Intelligence Technology Innovation Center (2019-1-5, 2019-1-6)
- Opening Project of Shanghai Trusted Industrial Control Platform (TICPSH202003015-ZC)
- Project “Beihang Beidou Technological Achievements Transformation and Industrialization Funds” (BARI2005)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › COVID-19 diagnosis using AI
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Keywords
- federated learning, dynamic fusion, COVID-19 detection, computed tomography, X-ray images, communication efficiency, data heterogeneity, client selection, privacy-preserving machine learning, fault tolerance, medical image dataset
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review