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Algorithm-Unrolling-Based Distributed Optimization for RIS-Assisted Cell-Free Networks
Open accessAbstract
The user-centric cell-free network has emerged as an appealing technology to improve the wireless communication’s capacity of the Internet of Things (IoT) networks thanks to its ability to eliminate intercell interference effectively. However, the cell-free network inevitably brings in higher hardware cost and backhaul overhead as a larger number of base stations (BSs) are deployed. Additionally, severe channel fading in high-frequency bands constitutes another crucial issue that limits the practical application of the cell-free network. In order to address the above challenges, we amalgamate the cell-free system with another emerging technology, namely reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), which can provide high spectrum and energy efficiency with low hardware cost by reshaping the wireless propagation environment intelligently. To this end, we formulate a weighted sum-rate (WSR) maximization problem for RIS-assisted cell-free systems by jointly optimizing the BS precoding matrix and the RIS reflection coefficient vector. Subsequently, we transform the complicated WSR problem to a tractable optimization problem and propose a distributed cooperative alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMMs) to fully utilize parallel computing resources. Inspired by the model-based algorithm unrolling concept, we unroll our solver to a learning-based deep distributed ADMM (D2-ADMM) network framework. To improve the efficiency of the D2-ADMM in distributed BSs, we develop a monodirectional information exchange strategy with a small signaling overhead. In addition to benefiting from domain knowledge, D2-ADMM adaptively learns hyperparameters and nonconvex solvers of the intractable RIS design problem through data-driven end-to-end training. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that the proposed D2-ADMM achieves around 210% improvement in capacity compared with the distributed noncooperative algorithm and almost 96% compared with the centralized algorithm.
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“The user-centric CF network is a promising network architecture that effectively eludes inter-cell interference in conventional cellular networks [109], [110].”
From Emerging Technologies in Intelligent Metasurfaces: Shaping the Future of Wireless Communications (2026) · cites this paper as [109]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Emerging Technologies in Intelligent Metasurfaces: Shaping the Future of Wireless Communications
An, J., Debbah, M., Cui, T. J., Chen, Z. N., & Yuen, C. (2026) · IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation · doi:10.1109/tap.2025.3571069 · Cited by 72
“1) Cell-Free Massive MIMO: The user-centric cell-free (CF) network is a promising network architecture that e ff ectively eludes intercell interference in conventional cellular networks [109], [110].”
Self-citationEmerging Technologies in Intelligent Metasurfaces: Shaping the Future of Wireless Communications
An, J., Debbah, M., Cui, T. J., Chen, Z. N., & Yuen, C. (2024) · arXiv · Cited by 72
“1) Cell-Free Massive MIMO: The user-centric cell-free (CF) network is a promising network architecture that e ff ectively eludes intercell interference in conventional cellular networks [109], [110].”
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Xu, W., An, J., Li, H., Gan, L., & Yuen, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Singapore University of Technology and Design (SG)
- Stevens Institute of Technology (US)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- Venue
- IEEE Internet of Things Journal
- Published
- 2024-01-01
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 944-957
- ISSN
- 2327-4662 (ISSN-L)
- 2372-2541
- OpenAlex
- W4381327854
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 19
- FWCI
- 3.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Internet of Things Journal (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (cc-by)
- Funders
- Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2023YFSY0008, 2023YFG0291)
- Ministry of Education, Singapore, through its MOE Tier 2 (MOE-T2EP50220-0019)
- National Science Foundation (ECCS-1923739, ECCS-2212940, CCF-2316865)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
- Keywords
- reconfigurable intelligent surface, cell-free networks, algorithm unrolling, distributed optimization, weighted sum rate maximization, alternating direction method of multipliers, RIS reflection coefficient optimization, deep learning, non-convex optimization, fading channels, Internet of Things
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