Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 782

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 223 of the 223 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Training Spiking Neural Networks Using Lessons From Deep Learning

Open access
Eshraghian, Jason K., Ward, Max, Neftci, Emre O., Wang, Xinxin, Lenz, Gregor, Dwivedi, Girish, Bennamoun, Mohammed, Jeong, Doo Seok, Lu, Wei D.·2023·Proceedings of the IEEE

Abstract

The brain is the perfect place to look for inspiration to develop more efficient neural networks. The inner workings of our synapses and neurons provide a glimpse at what the future of deep learning might look like. This article serves as a tutorial and perspective showing how to apply the lessons learned from several decades of research in deep learning, gradient descent, backpropagation, and neuroscience to biologically plausible spiking neural networks (SNNs). We also explore the delicate interplay between encoding data as spikes and the learning process; the challenges and solutions of applying gradient-based learning to SNNs; the subtle link between temporal backpropagation and spike timing-dependent plasticity; and how deep learning might move toward biologically plausible online learning. Some ideas are well accepted and commonly used among the neuromorphic engineering community, while others are presented or justified for the first time here. A series of companion interactive tutorials complementary to this article using our Python package,snnTorch, are also made available: https://snntorch.readthedocs.io/en/latest/tutorials/index.html.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1109/jproc.2023.3308088

Cites

223 of 223 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 223 references

Cited by

See all 782

Metadata

Authors
Eshraghian, J. K., Ward, M., Neftci, E. O., Wang, X., Lenz, G., Dwivedi, G., Bennamoun, M., Jeong, D. S., & Lu, W. D.
Venue
Proceedings of the IEEE
Published
2023-09
Volume
111
Issue
9
Pages
1016-1054
ISSN
  • 0018-9219 (ISSN-L)
  • 1558-2256
OpenAlex
W3201870057
Cited by
782
References
223
FWCI
55.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Training Spiking Neural Networks Using Lessons From Deep Learning. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/jproc.2023.3308088
The paper
Eshraghian, J. K., Ward, M., Neftci, E. O., Wang, X., Lenz, G., Dwivedi, G., Bennamoun, M., Jeong, D. S., & Lu, W. D. (2023). Training Spiking Neural Networks Using Lessons From Deep Learning. Proceedings of the IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/jproc.2023.3308088

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.