Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 1,160

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 69 of the 69 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Age of Information: An Introduction and Survey

Open access
Yates, Roy D., Sun, Yin, Brown, D. Richard, Kaul, Sanjit K., Modiano, Eytan, Ulukus, Sennur·2021·IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
DOI 10.1109/jsac.2021.3065072
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

We summarize recent contributions in the broad area of age of information (AoI). In particular, we describe the current state of the art in the design and optimization of low-latency cyberphysical systems and applications in which sources send time-stamped status updates to interested recipients. These applications desire status updates at the recipients to be as timely as possible; however, this is typically constrained by limited system resources. We describe AoI timeliness metrics and present general methods of AoI evaluation analysis that are applicable to a wide variety of sources and systems. Starting from elementary single-server queues, we apply these AoI methods to a range of increasingly complex systems, including energy harvesting sensors transmitting over noisy channels, parallel server systems, queueing networks, and various single-hop and multi-hop wireless networks. We also explore how update age is related to MMSE methods of sampling, estimation and control of stochastic processes. The paper concludes with a review of efforts to employ age optimization in cyberphysical applications.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1109/jsac.2021.3065072

Cites

69 of 69 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 69 references

Research works printed but not linked: 186

  1. 10.2307/3214547 · doi:10.2307/3214547
  2. 10.1109/18.21215 · doi:10.1109/18.21215
  3. 10.1109/CDC.2012.6425858 · doi:10.1109/cdc.2012.6425858
  4. heath, 2013, Effects of channel aging in massive MIMO systems, J Commun Netw, 15, 338, 10.1109/JCN.2013.000065 · doi:10.1109/jcn.2013.000065
  5. 10.1109/TCOMM.2020.2988013 · doi:10.1109/tcomm.2020.2988013
  6. 10.1109/ISIT.2017.8006543 · doi:10.1109/isit.2017.8006543
  7. altman, 2010, Forever young: Aging control for smartphones in hybrid networks, arXiv 1009 4733
  8. 10.1007/978-3-642-39408-9_26 · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39408-9_26
  9. 10.1109/IEEECONF44664.2019.9048736 · doi:10.1109/ieeeconf44664.2019.9048736
  10. 10.1109/INFCOMW.2019.8845150 · doi:10.1109/infcomw.2019.8845150
  11. 10.1109/ISIT.2019.8849367 · doi:10.1109/isit.2019.8849367
  12. 10.1109/INFCOMW.2018.8406966 · doi:10.1109/infcomw.2018.8406966
  13. 10.1109/ICC.2015.7248966 · doi:10.1109/icc.2015.7248966
  14. 10.1109/WoWMoM.2019.8793011 · doi:10.1109/wowmom.2019.8793011
  15. 10.1109/IEEECONF44664.2019.9048914 · doi:10.1109/ieeeconf44664.2019.9048914
  16. 10.1109/INFCOMW.2019.8845114 · doi:10.1109/infcomw.2019.8845114
  17. ornee, 0, Sampling and remote estimation for the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process through queues: Age of information and beyond, IEEE/ACM Trans Netw
  18. 10.1109/INFCOMW.2019.8845106 · doi:10.1109/infcomw.2019.8845106
  19. 10.1109/TIT.2019.2938171 · doi:10.1109/tit.2019.2938171
  20. 10.1109/TIT.2018.2871079 · doi:10.1109/tit.2018.2871079
  21. 10.1049/ip-cta:20050088 · doi:10.1049/ip-cta:20050088
  22. 10.1109/TIT.2020.2998100 · doi:10.1109/tit.2020.2998100
  23. 10.1109/JCN.2019.000034 · doi:10.1109/jcn.2019.000034
  24. 10.1109/INFOCOM.2018.8486307 · doi:10.1109/infocom.2018.8486307
  25. 10.1145/3209582.3209602 · doi:10.1145/3209582.3209602
  26. 10.1109/TNET.2018.2870896 · doi:10.1109/tnet.2018.2870896
  27. 10.1145/3323679.3326520 · doi:10.1145/3323679.3326520
  28. 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2893319 · doi:10.1109/jiot.2019.2893319
  29. 10.1145/3397166.3409125 · doi:10.1145/3397166.3409125
  30. 10.1109/INFOCOMWKSHPS50562.2020.9162973 · doi:10.1109/infocomwkshps50562.2020.9162973
  31. 10.1109/ISIT.2017.8006544 · doi:10.1109/isit.2017.8006544
  32. 10.1109/ISIT44484.2020.9174098 · doi:10.1109/isit44484.2020.9174098
  33. chen, 2019, Age of information in random access channels, arXiv 1912 01473
  34. soysal, 2019, Age of information in G/G/1/1 systems: Age expressions, bounds, special cases, and optimization, arXiv 1905 13743
  35. 10.1109/IEEECONF44664.2019.9048933 · doi:10.1109/ieeeconf44664.2019.9048933
  36. 10.1109/INFCOMW.2018.8406909 · doi:10.1109/infcomw.2018.8406909
  37. 10.1109/ISIT.2017.8006593 · doi:10.1109/isit.2017.8006593
  38. 10.1109/ISIT.2016.7541763 · doi:10.1109/isit.2016.7541763
  39. maatouk, 2020, Status updates with priorities: Lexicographic optimality, Proc of IEEE WiOpt, 1
  40. 10.1109/INFCOMW.2018.8406945 · doi:10.1109/infcomw.2018.8406945
  41. shisher, 2021, The age of correlated features in supervised learning based forecasting, Proc IEEE INFOCOM Age Inf Workshops, 1
  42. 10.1109/INFOCOM.2015.7218417 · doi:10.1109/infocom.2015.7218417
  43. 10.2307/3214163 · doi:10.2307/3214163 · Paper page
  44. 10.1109/JCN.2019.000038 · doi:10.1109/jcn.2019.000038
  45. buyukates, 2020, Scaling laws for age of information in wireless networks, IEEE Trans Wireless Commun
  46. 10.1109/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9014008 · doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9014008
  47. 10.1109/ICC.2019.8761386 · doi:10.1109/icc.2019.8761386
  48. 10.1109/ISIT.2018.8437688 · doi:10.1109/isit.2018.8437688
  49. 10.23919/WIOPT.2018.8362818 · doi:10.23919/wiopt.2018.8362818
  50. 10.1109/REAL.1999.818826 · doi:10.1109/real.1999.818826
  51. 10.1109/ICCCN.1998.998819 · doi:10.1109/icccn.1998.998819
  52. 10.1109/SPAWC.2018.8445979 · doi:10.1109/spawc.2018.8445979
  53. 10.1109/ALLERTON.2018.8635855 · doi:10.1109/allerton.2018.8635855
  54. 10.1109/ALLERTON.2017.8262777 · doi:10.1109/allerton.2017.8262777
  55. 10.1145/316194.316219 · doi:10.1145/316194.316219
  56. 10.1109/SPAWC.2018.8445981 · doi:10.1109/spawc.2018.8445981
  57. 10.1109/ECC.2016.7810420 · doi:10.1109/ecc.2016.7810420
  58. 10.1109/WODES.2016.7497846 · doi:10.1109/wodes.2016.7497846
  59. 10.1109/TIT.2019.2912159 · doi:10.1109/tit.2019.2912159
  60. 10.1109/CDC.2016.7798731 · doi:10.1109/cdc.2016.7798731
  61. 10.1109/CDC40024.2019.9029447 · doi:10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9029447
  62. 10.1109/TIT.2019.2937336 · doi:10.1109/tit.2019.2937336
  63. 10.1109/SPAWC.2018.8445873 · doi:10.1109/spawc.2018.8445873
  64. 10.1109/ISIT.2018.8437591 · doi:10.1109/isit.2018.8437591
  65. 10.1109/TIT.2019.2950212 · doi:10.1109/tit.2019.2950212
  66. 10.1109/CISS48834.2020.1570627741 · doi:10.1109/ciss48834.2020.1570627741
  67. 10.1109/ISIT.2017.8006504 · doi:10.1109/isit.2017.8006504
  68. 10.1109/ISIT.2013.6620189 · doi:10.1109/isit.2013.6620189
  69. 10.1109/TIT.2015.2511791 · doi:10.1109/tit.2015.2511791
  70. 10.1109/ISIT.2019.8849695 · doi:10.1109/isit.2019.8849695
  71. 10.1109/ISIT.2014.6875266 · doi:10.1109/isit.2014.6875266
  72. 10.1109/ISIT.2018.8437907 · doi:10.1109/isit.2018.8437907
  73. 10.1109/GLOCOM.2017.8254578 · doi:10.1109/glocom.2017.8254578
  74. 10.1109/CISS48834.2020.1570627498 · doi:10.1109/ciss48834.2020.1570627498
  75. 10.1109/SPAWC.2018.8445919 · doi:10.1109/spawc.2018.8445919
  76. 10.1109/ISIT.2016.7541762 · doi:10.1109/isit.2016.7541762
  77. 10.1109/ISIT.2016.7541765 · doi:10.1109/isit.2016.7541765
  78. 10.1109/GLOCOM.2017.8254444 · doi:10.1109/glocom.2017.8254444
  79. 10.1109/CISS.2012.6310931 · doi:10.1109/ciss.2012.6310931
  80. 10.1109/ISIT.2012.6284003 · doi:10.1109/isit.2012.6284003
  81. huang, 2015, Optimizing age-of-information in a multi-class queueing system, Proc IEEE Int Symp Inf Theory (ISIT), 1681
  82. 10.1109/INFCOMW.2018.8406928 · doi:10.1109/infcomw.2018.8406928
  83. 10.1109/TCOMM.2020.2997414 · doi:10.1109/tcomm.2020.2997414
  84. 10.1109/DCC.2016.113 · doi:10.1109/dcc.2016.113
  85. 10.1109/ISIT.2017.8006591 · doi:10.1109/isit.2017.8006591
  86. 10.1109/ISIT.2018.8437500 · doi:10.1109/isit.2018.8437500
  87. 10.1109/SPAWC.2018.8446018 · doi:10.1109/spawc.2018.8446018
  88. 10.1109/ACSSC.2018.8645440 · doi:10.1109/acssc.2018.8645440
  89. 10.1109/IEEECONF44664.2019.9048909 · doi:10.1109/ieeeconf44664.2019.9048909
  90. 10.1109/JCN.2019.000032 · doi:10.1109/jcn.2019.000032
  91. 10.1109/INFCOMW.2018.8406974 · doi:10.1109/infcomw.2018.8406974
  92. 10.1109/GLOCOM.2017.8254040 · doi:10.1109/glocom.2017.8254040
  93. 10.1109/ISIT.2015.7283009 · doi:10.1109/isit.2015.7283009
  94. 10.1109/ISIT.2017.8006703 · doi:10.1109/isit.2017.8006703
  95. 10.1109/ALLERTON.2017.8262774 · doi:10.1109/allerton.2017.8262774
  96. 10.1109/ACSSC.2017.8335672 · doi:10.1109/acssc.2017.8335672
  97. 10.1109/GLOCOM.2017.8254156 · doi:10.1109/glocom.2017.8254156
  98. 10.1109/ISIT.2018.8437496 · doi:10.1109/isit.2018.8437496
  99. 10.1109/ISIT.2018.8437547 · doi:10.1109/isit.2018.8437547
  100. 10.1109/CISS.2018.8362277 · doi:10.1109/ciss.2018.8362277
  101. 10.1109/TIT.2019.2938969 · doi:10.1109/tit.2019.2938969
  102. 10.1109/ALLERTON.2018.8636088 · doi:10.1109/allerton.2018.8636088
  103. feng, 2019, Age of information minimization for an energy harvesting source with updating erasures: With and without feedback, arXiv 1808 05141
  104. 10.1287/moor.1040.0144 · doi:10.1287/moor.1040.0144
  105. 10.1109/TWC.2016.2543216 · doi:10.1109/twc.2016.2543216
  106. 10.1109/ISIT.2019.8849636 · doi:10.1109/isit.2019.8849636
  107. 10.1109/INFCOMW.2018.8406846 · doi:10.1109/infcomw.2018.8406846
  108. 10.1109/ISIT.2018.8437904 · doi:10.1109/isit.2018.8437904
  109. 10.1109/ITA.2015.7308962 · doi:10.1109/ita.2015.7308962
  110. 10.1109/CISS48834.2020.1570617397 · doi:10.1109/ciss48834.2020.1570617397
  111. 10.1109/ITA.2018.8503180 · doi:10.1109/ita.2018.8503180
  112. 10.1109/ICC.2018.8422086 · doi:10.1109/icc.2018.8422086
  113. 10.1109/ITW44776.2019.8988940 · doi:10.1109/itw44776.2019.8988940
  114. 10.1109/ISIT44484.2020.9174078 · doi:10.1109/isit44484.2020.9174078
  115. 10.1109/WCNC.2017.7925904 · doi:10.1109/wcnc.2017.7925904
  116. 10.1109/ISIT44484.2020.9174312 · doi:10.1109/isit44484.2020.9174312
  117. bastopcu, 2020, Selective encoding policies for maximizing information freshness, arXiv 2004 06091
  118. 10.1109/INFOCOM.2017.8057197 · doi:10.1109/infocom.2017.8057197
  119. lindstrom, 2020, Cloud gaming: A QoE study of fast-paced single-player and multiplayer gaming, Proc IEEE/ACM 13th Int Conf Utility Cloud Comput (UCC), 34
  120. 10.1109/INFCOMW.2018.8406914 · doi:10.1109/infcomw.2018.8406914
  121. 10.1109/GLOCOM.2017.8255056 · doi:10.1109/glocom.2017.8255056
  122. bastopcu, 2020, Age of information for updates with distortion: Constant and age-dependent distortion constraints, arXiv 1912 13493
  123. 10.1109/INFCOMW.2018.8407017 · doi:10.1109/infcomw.2018.8407017
  124. 10.1109/INFCOMW.2019.8845146 · doi:10.1109/infcomw.2019.8845146
  125. 10.1109/CDC.2018.8619418 · doi:10.1109/cdc.2018.8619418
  126. 10.1109/INFOCOM.2018.8486409 · doi:10.1109/infocom.2018.8486409
  127. 10.1109/INFCOMW.2018.8406967 · doi:10.1109/infcomw.2018.8406967
  128. 10.1109/PIMRC.2019.8904150 · doi:10.1109/pimrc.2019.8904150
  129. gopal, 2019, Coexistence of age and throughput optimizing networks: A spectrum sharing game, arXiv 1909 02863
  130. 10.1109/INFOCOMWKSHPS50562.2020.9162886 · doi:10.1109/infocomwkshps50562.2020.9162886
  131. 10.1109/GLOBECOM38437.2019.9013294 · doi:10.1109/globecom38437.2019.9013294
  132. 10.1109/INFOCOMWKSHPS50562.2020.9162930 · doi:10.1109/infocomwkshps50562.2020.9162930
  133. 10.1109/ICCNC.2019.8685524 · doi:10.1109/iccnc.2019.8685524
  134. 10.1109/ISCC47284.2019.8969641 · DOI
  135. 10.1109/PIMRC.2018.8580701 · doi:10.1109/pimrc.2018.8580701
  136. 10.1109/INFOCOMWKSHPS50562.2020.9162995 · doi:10.1109/infocomwkshps50562.2020.9162995
  137. 10.1016/j.automatica.2017.10.010 · doi:10.1016/j.automatica.2017.10.010
  138. 10.1109/TAC.2011.2139370 · doi:10.1109/tac.2011.2139370
  139. 10.1145/3302509.3311050 · doi:10.1145/3302509.3311050
  140. 10.1109/ISIT44484.2020.9174333 · doi:10.1109/isit44484.2020.9174333
  141. 10.1109/CCNC46108.2020.9045142 · doi:10.1109/ccnc46108.2020.9045142
  142. 10.1109/WCNC.2017.7925903 · doi:10.1109/wcnc.2017.7925903
  143. 10.1109/ISIT.2017.8006541 · doi:10.1109/isit.2017.8006541
  144. 10.1109/TNET.2018.2873606 · doi:10.1109/tnet.2018.2873606
  145. 10.1145/3209582.3209589 · doi:10.1145/3209582.3209589
  146. tang, 2019, Age of information aware cache updating with file- and age-dependent update durations, arXiv 1909 05930
  147. 10.1109/ICDCS.2012.63 · doi:10.1109/icdcs.2012.63
  148. 10.1109/ISIT.2017.8006505 · doi:10.1109/isit.2017.8006505
  149. 10.1109/ISIT.2017.8006506 · doi:10.1109/isit.2017.8006506
  150. 10.1109/WIOPT.2016.7492912 · doi:10.1109/wiopt.2016.7492912
  151. 10.1109/SPAWC.2018.8445909 · doi:10.1109/spawc.2018.8445909
  152. 10.1109/CDC.2016.7799033 · doi:10.1109/cdc.2016.7799033
  153. 10.1109/TIT.2017.2746751 · doi:10.1109/tit.2017.2746751
  154. 10.1109/ALLERTON.2016.7852321 · doi:10.1109/allerton.2016.7852321
  155. 10.1109/ISIT.2017.8006590 · doi:10.1109/isit.2017.8006590
  156. jiang, 2018, Decentralized status update for age-of-information optimization in wireless multiaccess channels, Proc Inf Theory Appl Workshop (ITA), 2276
  157. 10.1109/ITC30.2018.00031 · doi:10.1109/itc30.2018.00031
  158. 10.1109/TNET.2020.2971350 · doi:10.1109/tnet.2020.2971350
  159. bastopcu, 2020, Maximizing information freshness in caching systems with limited cache storage capacity, Proc Asilomar Conf
  160. yang, 2019, Edge caching with real-time guarantees, arXiv 1912 11847
  161. 10.1145/3241539.3267740 · doi:10.1145/3241539.3267740
  162. 10.1109/ICNC47757.2020.9049792 · doi:10.1109/icnc47757.2020.9049792
  163. 10.1109/SIU.2019.8806423 · doi:10.1109/siu.2019.8806423
  164. 10.1109/BlackSeaCom.2018.8433695 · doi:10.1109/blackseacom.2018.8433695
  165. shreedhar, 2018, ACP: An end-to-end transport protocol for delivering fresh updates in the Internet-of-Things, arXiv 1811 03353
  166. 10.1109/LWC.2018.2890605 · doi:10.1109/lwc.2018.2890605
  167. ozel, 2020, Timely status updating through intermittent sensing and transmission, arXiv 2001 01122
  168. rafiee, 2019, Active status update packet drop control in an energy harvesting node, arXiv 1911 01407
  169. 10.1109/GCWkshps45667.2019.9024463 · doi:10.1109/gcwkshps45667.2019.9024463
  170. 10.1109/INFCOMW.2019.8845083 · doi:10.1109/infcomw.2019.8845083
  171. 10.1109/JCN.2019.000033 · doi:10.1109/jcn.2019.000033
  172. 10.1109/ISIT.2018.8437573 · doi:10.1109/isit.2018.8437573
  173. 10.1109/TCCN.2019.2916097 · doi:10.1109/tccn.2019.2916097
  174. 10.1109/IEEECONF44664.2019.9048659 · doi:10.1109/ieeeconf44664.2019.9048659
  175. 10.1145/584490.584496 · doi:10.1145/584490.584496
  176. 10.1109/WOWMOM.2005.50 · doi:10.1109/wowmom.2005.50
  177. 10.1109/GLOCOM.2011.6134181 · doi:10.1109/glocom.2011.6134181
  178. ross, 1996, Stochastic Processes
  179. tsai, 2020, Age-of-information revisited: Two-way delay and distribution-oblivious online algorithm, Proc IEEE Int Symp Inf Theory (ISIT), 1782
  180. gindullina, 2020, Age-of-Information with information source diversity in an energy harvesting system, arXiv 2004 11135
  181. 10.1109/TIT.2016.2533395 · doi:10.1109/tit.2016.2533395
  182. 10.1109/ISIT.2014.6875100 · doi:10.1109/isit.2014.6875100
  183. 10.1145/3323679.3326510 · doi:10.1145/3323679.3326510
  184. 10.1109/JCN.2019.000037 · doi:10.1109/jcn.2019.000037
  185. jog, 2019, Channels, learning, queueing and remote estimation systems with a utilization-dependent component, CoRR, abs 1905 4362, 1
  186. tsai, 2020, Unifying AoI minimization and remote estimation—Optimal sensor/controller coordination with random two-way delay, Proc IEEE InfoCom, 466

Cited by

See all 1,160

Metadata

Authors
Yates, R. D., Sun, Y., Brown, D. R., Kaul, S. K., Modiano, E., & Ulukus, S.
Venue
IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
2021-05
Volume
39
Issue
5
Pages
1183-1210
ISSN
  • 0733-8716 (ISSN-L)
  • 1558-0008
DOI
10.1109/jsac.2021.3065072
OpenAlex
W3043659689
Cited by
1,160
References
69
FWCI
83.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green
Licence
Funders
  • NSF (CNS-1717041, CCF-1813050, CNS-1713725, CCF-1713977, ECCS-1807348)
  • CNS (1836690)
  • Army Research Office (W911NF-17-1-0508)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Age of Information: An Introduction and Survey. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/jsac.2021.3065072
The paper
Yates, R. D., Sun, Y., Brown, D. R., Kaul, S. K., Modiano, E., & Ulukus, S. (2021). Age of Information: An Introduction and Survey. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2021.3065072

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.