Cited by 364Advanced Image Fusion TechniquesRemote-Sensing Image ClassificationSatellite Image Processing and Photogrammetry

Multispectral and Hyperspectral Image Fusion Using a 3-D-Convolutional Neural Network

Open access
Palsson, Frosti, Sveinsson, Johannes R., Ulfarsson, Magnus O.·2017·IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters

Abstract

In this letter, we propose a method using a 3-D convolutional neural network to fuse together multispectral and hyperspectral (HS) images to obtain a high resolution HS image. Dimensionality reduction of the HS image is performed prior to fusion in order to significantly reduce the computational time and make the method more robust to noise. Experiments are performed on a data set simulated using a real HS image. The results obtained show that the proposed approach is very promising when compared with conventional methods. This is especially true when the HS image is corrupted by additive noise.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1109/lgrs.2017.2668299

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The most recent ways involving classification using hyperspectral data include extreme learning machine (ELM), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and various deep learning algorithms.

    “The most recent ways involving classification using hyperspectral data include extreme learning machine (ELM) [7–9], partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) [10,11], and various deep learning algorithms [12,13].”

    From Development of online classification system for construction waste based on industrial camera and hyperspectral camera (2019) · cites this paper as [13]

    The Introduction (p. 1) describes a deep-learning method for fusing multispectral and hyperspectral images, so the paper supports the deep-learning portion of the citation. It identifies classification as a possible use of hyperspectral information but does not present its method as hyperspectral classification; it does not support that qualification. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 17

  1. [1][1] G. Vivone, L. Alparone, J. Chanussot, M. Dalla Mura, A. Garzelli, G. Licciardi, R. Restaino, and L. Wald, 'A critical comparison among pansharpening algorithms,' IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 2565-2586, May 2015. -
  2. [2][2] F. Palsson, J. R. Sveinsson, and M. O. Ulfarsson, 'A new pansharpening algorithm based on total variation,' IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters , vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 318-322, Jan. 2014. -
  3. [3][3] X. He, L. Condat, J. Bioucas-Dias, J. Chanussot, and J. Xia, 'A new pansharpening method based on spatial and spectral sparsity priors,' IEEE Transactions on Image Processing , vol. 23, no. 9, pp. 4160-4174, Sept. 2014. -
  4. [4][4] Y. Zhang, S. De Backer, and P. Scheunders, 'Noise-resistant wavelet-based bayesian fusion of multispectral and hyperspectral images,' IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 3834-3843, Nov. 2009. -
  5. [5][5] F. Palsson, J. R. Sveinsson, M. O. Ulfarsson, and J. A. Benediktsson, 'Model-based fusion of multi- and hyperspectral images using PCA and wavelets,' IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 2652-2663, May 2015. -
  6. [6][6] Z. H. Nezhad, A. Karami, R. Heylen, and P. Scheunders, 'Fusion of hyperspectral and multispectral images using spectral unmixing and sparse coding,' IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing , vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 2377-2389, June 2016. -
  7. [7][7] Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, Y. Liu, C. Zhang, M. He, and S. Mei, 'Hyperspectral and multispectral image fusion using CNMF with minimum endmember simplex volume and abundance sparsity constraints,' in 2015 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) , July 2015, pp. 1929-1932. -
  8. [8][8] Y. Zhang and M. He, 'Multi-spectral and hyperspectral image fusion using 3-d wavelet transform,' Journal of Electronics (China) , vol. 24, no. 2, pp. 218-224, 2007. -
  9. [9][9] D. Sylla, A. Minghelli-Roman, P. Blanc, A. Mangin, and O. H. F. d'Andon, 'Fusion of multispectral images by extension of the pan-sharpening arsis method,' IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing , vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1781-1791, May 2014. -
  10. [10][10] Z. Chen, H. Pu, B. Wang, and G. M. Jiang, 'Fusion of hyperspectral and multispectral images: A novel framework based on generalization of pan-sharpening methods,' IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters , vol. 11, no. 8, pp. 1418-1422, Aug 2014. -
  11. [11][11] C. Szegedy, W. Liu, Y. Jia, P. Sermanet, S. Reed, D. Anguelov, D. Erhan, V. Vanhoucke, and A. Rabinovich, 'Going deeper with convolutions,' in Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition , 2015, pp. 1-9. -
  12. [13][13] W. Huang, L. Xiao, Z. Wei, H. Liu, and S. Tang, 'A new pan-sharpening method with deep neural networks,' IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters , vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 10371041, May 2015. -
  13. [14][14] G. Masi, D. Cozzolino, L. Verdoliva, and G. Scarpa, 'Pansharpening by convolutional neural networks,' Remote Sensing , vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 594:1-22, 2016. -
  14. [15][15] I. Jolliffe, Principal component analysis , 2nd ed. Springer, 2002. -
  15. [17][17] A. Graves, A. r. Mohamed, and G. Hinton, 'Speech recognition with deep recurrent neural networks,' in 2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing , May 2013, pp. 6645-6649. -
  16. [19][19] L. Wald, 'Quality of high resolution synthesized images: Is there a simple criterion?' in In Proceedings of the third conference 'Fusion of Earth data: merging point measurements, raster maps and remotely sensed images' . SEE/URISCA, 2000. -
  17. [20][20] R. H. Yuhas, A. F. Goetz, and J. W. Boardman, 'Discrimination among semi-arid landscape endmembers using the spectral angle mapper (SAM) algorithm,' in Summaries of the 3rd Annual JPL Airborne Geoscience Workshop , vol. 1, 1992, pp. 147-149. -

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Palsson, F., Sveinsson, J. R., & Ulfarsson, M. O.
Affiliations
University of Iceland (IS)
Venue
IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters
Published
2017-05
Volume
14
Issue
5
Pages
639-643
ISSN
  • 1545-598X (ISSN-L)
  • 1558-0571
OpenAlex
W2592312604
Cited by
364
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 45 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 4
FWCI
23.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • Icelandic Research Fund (174075-05)
  • University of Iceland Research Fund
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Media Technology › Advanced Image Fusion Techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Media Technology › Remote-Sensing Image Classification
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Satellite Image Processing and Photogrammetry
Keywords
hyperspectral image fusion, multispectral image fusion, 3D convolutional neural networks, dimensionality reduction, noise robustness, computational efficiency

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review