The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Direct Manipulation: A Step Beyond Programming Languages
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Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“While this surface/deep control distinction is best thought of as a continuum, studies of process control environments have often indicated that operators have a distinct preference for surface control rather than deep control of the system (e.g., [81, 92]).”
From Ecological interface design: theoretical foundations (1992) · cites this paper as [92]
Citations
Cites
Toward a Theory of Instruction
McGuire, M. T. (1966) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-196611000-00010 · Cited by 2,950
Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas
Malraison, P. J., & Papert, S. A. (1981) · The Two-Year College Mathematics Journal · doi:10.2307/3027082 · Cited by 1,828
Software Psychology: Human Factors in Computer and Information Systems
Shneiderman, B. (1980) · CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) · Cited by 617
Experiences in Visual Thinking
Hester, M. B., & McKim, R. H. (1973) · Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism · doi:10.2307/429057 · Cited by 491
Zloof, M. M. (1975) · AFIPS National Computer Conference (NCC) · doi:10.1145/1499949.1500034 · Cited by 491
Syntactic/semantic interactions in programmer behavior: A model and experimental results
Shneiderman, B., & Mayer, R. E. (1979) · International Journal of Parallel Programming · doi:10.1007/bf00977789 · Cited by 383
Metaphor and the Cognitive Representation of Computing Systems
Carroll, J. M., & Thomas, J. C. (1982) · IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics · doi:10.1109/tsmc.1982.4308795 · Cited by 303
Educational Psychology: A Cognitive Approach
Mayer, R. E. (1987) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 298
Zloof, M. M. (1975) · doi:10.1145/1282480.1282482 · Cited by 240
Experimental investigations of the utility of detailed flowcharts in programming
Shneiderman, B., Mayer, R. E., McKay, D., & Heller, P. (1977) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/359605.359610 · Cited by 227
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 25 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 9
- nelson, 1980, interactive systems and the design of virtuality, Creative Computing, 6, 56
- rutkowski, 1982, an introduction to the human applications standard computer interface, part 1: theory and principles, Byte, 7, 291
- polya, 1957, How to Solve It
- montessori, 1964, The Montessori Method
- arnheim, 1972, Visual Thinking
- wertheimer, 1959, Productive Thinking
- malone, 1981, what makes computer games fun?, Byte, 6, 258
- mcdonald, 1983, Human Factors in Interactive Computer Systems
- smith, 1982, designing the star user interface, Byte, 7, 242
Cited by
Sorted by citations
(1993) · Cited by 9,879
Kiczales, G., Hilsdale, E., Hugunin, J., Kersten, M. A., Palm, J., & Griswold, W. G. (2001) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/3-540-45337-7_18 · Cited by 2,827
Agents that reduce work and information overload
Maes, P. (1994) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/176789.176792 · Cited by 2,365
Direct Manipulation Interfaces
Hutchins, E. L., Hollan, J. D., & Norman, D. A. (1985) · Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1207/s15327051hci0104_2 · Cited by 1,374
Emerging frameworks for tangible user interfaces
Ullmer, B., & Ishii, H. (2000) · IBM Systems Journal · doi:10.1147/sj.393.0915 · Cited by 1,225
Metadata
- Authors
- Shneiderman
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Corresponding author
- Shneiderman
- Venue
- Computer
- Published
- 1983-08
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 57-69
- ISSN
- 0018-9162 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2099305423
- Cited by
- 1,939
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 46 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 51 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 55
- FWCI
- 32.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Computer (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Interactive and Immersive Displays
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Usability and User Interface Design
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Software › Logic, programming, and type systems
- Keywords
- direct manipulation, programming languages, user interface, human-computer interaction, graphical user interface
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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