Microgrid Service Restoration: The Role of Plugged-in Electric Vehicles
Open accessAbstract
The development of the microgrid (MG) concept endows distribution networks with increased reliability and resilience and offers an adequate management and control solution for massive deployment of microgeneration and electric vehicles (EVs). Within an MG, local generation can be exploited to launch a local restoration procedure following a blackout. EVs are flexible resources that can also be actively included in the restoration procedure, thus contributing to the improvement of MG operating conditions. The feasibility of MG service restoration, including the active participation of EVs, is demonstrated in this article through extensive numerical simulation and experimentation in a laboratorial setup.
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Electric vehicles are parked and available to provide grid services for 90% of the time, making them a highly reliable resource for grid support.
“Studies reveal that EVs are parked and available to provide grid services for 90% of the time, making them a highly reliable resource for grid support [3], [4].”
From Optimal Operation of Electric Vehicles to Enhance the Flexibility Provision in Active Distribution Grids (2025) · cites this paper as [3]
The Introduction (page not provided) says EVs parked and connected for charging can provide storage capacity, and Section 3 describes how they can support microgrid restoration. The paper does not give a 90% parking or availability figure, so it does not establish the claimed level of reliability. Searches for “90% of the time” and parking availability found no such figure. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Research works printed but not linked: 22
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Wang, Y., Chen, C., Wang, J., & Baldick, R. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Power Systems · doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2015.2429656 · Cited by 1,116 · see citing works
Panagi, S., Therapontos, P., Spanias, C., & Aristidou, P. (2025) · 2025 IEEE Kiel PowerTech · doi:10.1109/powertech59965.2025.11180664
- Authors
- Gouveia, C., Moreira, C. L., Lopes, J. A. P., Varajao, D., & Araujo, R. E.
- Affiliations
- Universidade do Porto (PT)
- Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers (PT)
- Venue
- IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine
- Published
- 2013-12
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 26-41
- ISSN
- 1932-4529 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2060196736
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 5
- FWCI
- 7.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine (publishedVersion)
- Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (PTDC/EEA-EEL/103546/2008, FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER)
- European Regional Development Fund
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Microgrid Control and Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optimal Power Flow Distribution
- Keywords
- microgrids, service restoration, electric vehicles, blackout recovery, distribution network resilience, plug-in electric vehicles, local generation, flexible resources, microgeneration
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