The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Blockchain Access Privacy: Challenges and Directions
Abstract
Privacy, facilitated by a confluence of cryptography and decentralization, is one of the primary motivations for the adoption of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin. Alas, Bitcoins privacy promise has proven illusory, and despite growing interest in privacy-centric blockchains, most blockchain users remain susceptible to privacy attacks that exploit network-layer information and access patterns that leak as users interact with blockchains. Understanding if and how blockchain-based applications can provide strong privacy guarantees is a matter of increasing urgency. Many researchers advocate using anonymous communications networks, such as Tor, to ensure access privacy. We challenge this approach, showing the need for mechanisms through which non-anonymous users can (i) publish transactions that cannot be linked to their network addresses or to their other transactions, and (ii) fetch details of specific transactions without revealing which transactions they seek. We hope this article inspires blockchain researchers to think beyond Tor and tackle these important access privacy problems head-on.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“To solve this problem, it is envisioned that complete anonymization, decentralization, and untraceability can be realised in 6G networks by blockchain technology [62].”
From What should 6G be? (2020) · cites this paper as [62]
Citations
Cites
Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash SystemPreprint
Nakamoto, S. (2019) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3440802 · Cited by 14,677
Evaluating user privacy in bitcoin
Androulaki, E., Karame, G. O., Roeschlin, M., Scherer, T., & Capkun, S. (2013) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-39884-1_4 · Cited by 700
An Analysis of Anonymity in Bitcoin Using P2P Network Traffic
Koshy, P., Koshy, D., & McDaniel, P. D. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45472-5_30 · Cited by 409
Concurrency and Privacy with Payment-Channel Networks
Malavolta, G., Moreno-Sánchez, P., Kate, A., Maffei, M., & Ravi, S. (2017) · ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) · doi:10.1145/3133956.3134096 · Cited by 294
Self-citationTumbleBit: An Untrusted Bitcoin-Compatible Anonymous Payment Hub
Heilman, E., Alshenibr, L., Baldimtsi, F., Scafuro, A., & Goldberg, S. (2017) · Network and Distributed System Security Symposium · doi:10.14722/ndss.2017.23086 · Cited by 275
Green, M., & Miers, I. (2017) · ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS) · doi:10.1145/3133956.3134093 · Cited by 237
Meiklejohn, S., Pomarole, M., Jordan, G., Levchenko, K., McCoy, D., Voelker, G. M., & Savage, S. (2016) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/2896384 · Cited by 211
Distributed Point Functions and Their Applications
Gilboa, N., & Ishai, Y. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55220-5_35 · Cited by 210
Bitcoin over Tor isn't a Good Idea
Biryukov, A., & Pustogarov, I. (2015) · 2015 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy · doi:10.1109/sp.2015.15 · Cited by 193
P2P Mixing and Unlinkable Bitcoin Transactions
Ruffing, T., Moreno-Sánchez, P., & Kate, A. (2017) · Network and Distributed System Security Symposium · doi:10.14722/ndss.2017.23415 · Cited by 122
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–273 of 273
Why so many coins? Examining the demand for privacy-preserving cryptocurrencies
Ibikunle, G., Mollica, V., & SUN, Q. I. A. O. (2025) · The British Accounting Review · doi:10.1016/j.bar.2025.101637 · Cited by 2
FPGA Implementation of Secure Block Creation Algorithm for Blockchain Technology
Peroumal, V., Rajashree, R., Kulkarni, A., & Thakur, P. (2022) · ECS Transactions · doi:10.1149/10701.5519ecst · Cited by 2
Protecting Access Privacy in Ethereum Using Differentially Private Information Retrieval
Li, X., Ahmed, F., Wei, L., Zhang, C., & Fang, Y. M. (2020) · Globecom · doi:10.1109/globecom42002.2020.9348108 · Cited by 2
Liu, L., Tan, L., Liu, J., Xiao, J., Yin, H., & Tan, S. (2021) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-7993-3_23 · Cited by 2
Block chain Technology to Handle Security and Privacy for IoT Systems: Analytical Review
Zhong-hua, C., & Goyal, S. B. (2022) · International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research · doi:10.37391/ijeer.100204 · Cited by 2
Retracted: Blockchain To Secure Cloud computing services
Goswami, S., Uike, D., Patil, S., Thakur, Y., Akram, S. V., & Pant, K. (2023) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Communication (AISC) · doi:10.1109/aisc56616.2023.10085060 · Cited by 2
RetractedWeb 3.0-Based Crypto Wallet for Securing Assets and Blockchain Transactions
Vaibhav, & Arora, D. (2024) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-9811-1_46 · Cited by 2
Unconditional Security Using (Random) Anonymous Bulletin Board
Yu, A., Nguyen, H. H., Kate, A., & Maji, H. K. (2024) · IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT) · doi:10.1109/isit57864.2024.10619079 · Cited by 2
Self-citationDeficiencies in Blockchain Technology and Potential Augmentation in Cyber Security
Bajal, E., Madhulika, B., Nautiyal, L., & Hooda, M. (2021) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119711063.ch12 · Cited by 2
A Review on the Role of Blockchain Technology in the Healthcare Domain
Dahiya, A., Anuradha, Mahajan, S., & Gupta, R. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119792406.ch6 · Cited by 3
Cyber Security and Cyber Resilience for the Australian E-Health Records
Venkatachalam, N., O'Connor, P., & Palekar, S. (2021) · Advances in information security, privacy, and ethics book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-6975-7.ch004 · Cited by 1
Alfa, A. A., Alhassan, J. K., Olaniyi, O. M., & Olalere, M. (2022) · EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-89546-4_6 · Cited by 1
Blockchain-Powered Airlines: Enhancing Security, Transparency, and Efficiency in Aviation
Bonkra, A., Dhiman, P., Kaur, A., Kaur, G., & Sharma, S. (2025) · Information systems engineering and management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-95341-5_6 · Cited by 1
Reducing Network Traffic in Blockchain Transactions using Reinforcement Learning
Sangeetha, S., R, W. B. N., Renuga, S., J., K. S., Sutherlin Subitha, G., & Sarmila, J. (2024) · International Conference on Communication, Computing, Smart Materials and Devices (ICCCSMD) · doi:10.1109/icccsmd63546.2024.11015155 · Cited by 1
Lattice-based Dynamic Privacy-preserving Cross-chain Payment Scheme
Zhang, B., Wang, G., Yu, Z., Dong, A., & Zhang, H. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom) · doi:10.1109/trustcom66490.2025.00336 · Cited by 1
Secure and Efficient Decentralized Bitcoin Mixing Scheme using Trusted Execution Environment
Xie, Y., Wang, Q., Li, S., Xiao, R., Zhang, C., & Wei, L. (2022) · International Conference on Communications · doi:10.1109/icc45855.2022.9838686 · Cited by 1
Yadav, B., & Gupta, S. K. (2022) · Smart innovation, systems and technologies · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-3575-6_74 · Cited by 1
Characterizing Performance Limits in Payment Channel Networks
Tao, Y., Li, B., Li, B., & Chen, L. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering · doi:10.1109/tkde.2021.3120842 · Cited by 1
Enhancing privacy in commit-chains based on blind signature
Akraminasab, M., Mahdavi, M., & Mala, H. (2023) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2023.122920 · Cited by 1
A Systematic Literature Review of Recent Blockchain Platforms
Alrumaih, M. S., Hassan, M. M., Martuza, M. A., & Alsuhibany, S. A. (2024) · مجلة العلوم الهندسية و تكنولوجيا المعلومات · doi:10.26389/ajsrp.m310124 · Cited by 1
A TDE-based Multi-node Data Categorized Transfer Storage Scheme in Consortium Blockchain
Deng, X. M., Liu, J., Wu, P., Zhang, J., Yuan, Z., Fang, F., Xie, J., & Feng, L. (2024) · International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD) · doi:10.1109/cscwd61410.2024.10580739 · Cited by 1
SFLAB: Smart FIR Lodging Architecture and Solution Using Blockchain and IPFS Technology
Banerjee, S., Garg, A., Obaidat, M. S., Abdussami, M., & Amin, M. R. (2024) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-68905-5_1 · Cited by 1
Blockchain-Driven Knowledge Ecosystems
Rahman, H. (2024) · Advances in knowledge acquisition, transfer, and management book series/Advances in knowledge acquisition, transfer and management book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3956-5.ch002 · Cited by 2
Chord: Towards a Unified Detection of Blockchain Transaction Parallelism Bugs
Zhou, Y., Yan, Z., Chen, Y., Ma, F., Chen, T., & Jiang, Y. (2025) · ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering: Companion Proceedings (ICSE-Companion) · doi:10.1109/icse55347.2025.00205 · Cited by 1
Efficient Model Used for IoT-Based Digital Forensics Using Blockchain
Tripathi, E., Kumar, U., Tripathi, S. P., & Tripathi, A. K. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-3250-3_44 · Cited by 1
Utilization of Blockchain Technology to Overthrow the Challenges in Healthcare Industry
Hemalatha, K. P. J., Hema, K., & Deepika, V. (2020) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-0135-7_18 · Cited by 1
Park, S., & Lee, M. (2020) · ACM Symposium on Applied Computing · doi:10.1145/3341105.3373935 · Cited by 1
Toward 6G wireless communications: Vision, applications, and technologies
Alzamil, A. A. (2020) · International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES · doi:10.21833/ijaas.2021.01.004 · Cited by 1
Block Chaining in Finance and Accounting
Niranjani, V., Akshaya, V. S., Harish, V., & Abhishek, S. (2021) · International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS) · doi:10.1109/icaccs51430.2021.9442064 · Cited by 1
The GDPR Compliance of Blockchain : A qualitative study on regulating innovative technology
Melin, K. (2019) · Uppsala University Publications (Uppsala University) · Cited by 1
Can We Share the Same Perspective? Blockchain Interoperability with ViewsPreprint
Belchior, R., Torres, L., Pfannschmid, J., Vasconcelos, A., & Correia, M. P. (2022) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.20025857.v3 · Cited by 2
Significance of Block Chain in IoTSG ‐ A Prominent and Reliable Solution
Vinothkumar, S., Varadhaganapathy, S., Shanthakumari, R., & Ramalingam, M. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119812524.ch9 · Cited by 1
Blockchains for Value Creation and Supply Chain Optimization
Nambiar, A. N. (2019) · Advances in systems analysis, software engineering, and high performance computing book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-9257-0.ch002
Reputation-based Q-Routing for Robust Inter-committee Routing in the Sharding-based Blockchain
Cheng, Z., Li, Z., Sun, B., Zhang, S., & Shao, Y. (2020) · IEEE Intl Conf on Dependable, Autonomic and Secure Computing, Intl Conf on Pervasive Intelligence and Computing, Intl Conf on Cloud and Big Data Computing, Intl Conf on Cyber Science and Technology Congress (DASC/PiCom/CBDCom/CyberSciTech) · doi:10.1109/dasc-picom-cbdcom-cyberscitech49142.2020.00049
The Exploration of BlockChain Technology in Academic Research Field
Zeng, J., Li, F., & Qin, H. (2021) · International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering Technology · doi:10.25236/ijfet.2021.030108 · Cited by 1
دراسة عن إنترنت الأشیاء من حبث البروتوکولات ، والبنى التحتیة وآلیات الأمان
البدوی, ا., & بلال, م. (2021) · النشرة المعلوماتية في الحاسبات والمعلومات · doi:10.21608/fcihib.2021.74526.1044
Evaluation of Sixth Generation 6G Wireless Networks
Kumar, S. S., Leelavathi, M., K., M. K. P., & Palanisamy, P. (2022) · Advances in wireless technologies and telecommunication book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9636-4.ch001
Blockchains for Value Creation and Supply Chain Optimization
Nambiar, A. N. (2020) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-5351-0.ch055
Identity Privacy Protection Mechanism Based on Consortium Blockchain
(2020) · International Workshop on Computer Science and Engineering (WCSE) · doi:10.18178/wcse.2020.06.072
Fpswap: Fair and Privacy Friendly Swap of Digital Assets on BlockchainPreprint
Karanjai, R., Xu, L., Gao, Z., Chen, L., Kasichainula, K., Cărbunar, B., & Shi, W. L. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4141949
Private Balance-Checking on Blockchain Accounts Using Private Integer Addition
Sasidharan, B., & Viterbo, E. (2022) · IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT) · doi:10.1109/isit50566.2022.9834856
Cyber Security and Cyber Resilience for the Australian E-Health Records
Venkatachalam, N., O'Connor, P., & Palekar, S. (2022) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-7132-6.ch044
Doyle, R., Conboy, K., & Kreps, D. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-15342-6_34
DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN SCIENCE, EXPERIENCE AND TRENDS
International Science Group, & Vladlenov, D. (2022) · doi:10.46299/isg.p.2022.2.3
An Interdisciplinary Review of Ephemerality for Information Systems Research
Doyle, R., Conboy, K., & Kreps, D. (2022) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17968-6_1
Network Mechanism Establishment and Authentication Using Digital Certificate Management
Swaroop, A. S., & Sree, S. R. (2023) · Advances in transdisciplinary engineering · doi:10.3233/atde221270
Privacy and Security Under Blockchain Technology
Manzoor, A. (2023) · Advances in information security, privacy, and ethics book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-6684-6581-3.ch008
TAXONOMIA DO MODELO DE APLICACOES DESCENTRALIZADAS BASEADAS EM BLOCKCHAIN
Correa, E. B. E., Sousa, J. C., Veloso, A. T. S., & Pimheiro, B. A. (2023) · CONTECSI - International Conference on Information Systems and Technology Management · doi:10.5748/19contecsi/pse/esd/6934
A Post-Quantum Privacy-Enhancing Blockchain-Based Transaction Framework with Access Control
Li, L., Lu, X., & Wang, K. (2023) · doi:10.5121/csit.2023.130809
Mohammed, C. P., & Chopra, S. R. (2023) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-1745-7_19
Future Intelligent Communication with 6G Technology: A Review
Jain, S., Yadav, A. K., Kumar, R., V, Yadav, V., & Singh, D. (2023) · International Journal of Sensors Wireless Communications and Control · doi:10.2174/0122103279270825231023095946
Blockchain based mobile communication data privacy protection algorithm for cellular networks
Zhang, L., Luo, Y., & Zhao, Y. (2024) · Intelligent Decision Technologies · doi:10.3233/idt-230233
Survey of IoT Security: Application Areas, Threats and Solutions
Poornima, G., Sudha, Y., & Pallavi, R. V. (2024) · Internet of things · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-0052-3_5
Multi-layer Security and Power Efficiency Improvement with Blockchain Technology and NB-IoTPreprint
Mohammed, C. P., Jha, S., Chopra, S. R., Arora, K., Kumar, R., & Pradhan, N. R. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4111246/v1
Credible Sharing of Smart Medical Data Based on Block Chains
Zhao, S., & You, Z. (2023) · International Conference on Industrial IoT, Big Data and Supply Chain (IIoTBDSC) · doi:10.1109/iiotbdsc60298.2023.00065
Sarpal, R., Renganathan, T. S., & Yin, R. L. T. (2024) · Journal of Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.61453/jobss.v2024no16
MESAVERSE: A Metaverse Enterprise Social Applications Platform
Liu, L., Tsang, L., Luo, W., Ouyang, Y., & Huang, Y. (2025) · Applied and Computational Engineering · doi:10.54254/2755-2721/2024.20633
Blockchain Technology: Revolutionizing Financial Operations through Transparency and Security
Gade, U. R. (2025) · International Journal of Scientific Research in Computer Science Engineering and Information Technology · doi:10.32628/cseit251112240
Exploring Advanced Blockchain Paradigms With Evolutionary Trends and Innovative Applications
Kumar, P., Kumar, R., Hamid, A., & Elngar, A. A. (2025) · Advances in information security, privacy, and ethics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-0563-9.ch017
Exploring Deep Learning Approaches for Accurate 3D Surface Reconstruction
Kumar, G. P., Sridevi, B., Dhanaselvam, P. S., Karthikeyan, P., Kavitha, K., & Karthikeyan, B. (2025) · Advances in information security, privacy, and ethics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-0563-9.ch018
Blockchain trust in hydrogen networks
Pourrahmani, H., Madi, H., & herle, J. V. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-41467-1.00002-9
Assessing the Potential of Blockchain Technology in Transforming Digital Identity Management Systems
Rafique, A. A. A., Mollay, M. H., Gahane, S., Sharma, D., & Anawade, P. A. (2025) · Lecture notes in networks and systems · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-7496-1_39
Data Integration and Fusion in Cyber Physical Systems
Li, F., Wu, X., & Han, H. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-8709-1_5
Zeeshan, F., Yalda, R., & Nepal, N. (2025) · IEEE International Conference on Advanced Infocomm Technology · doi:10.1109/icait66450.2025.11353332
Ahmed, H. (2026) · Journal of Critical Infrastructure Policy · doi:10.1002/jci3.70021
A Survey on Crypto-Asset Mixers and Countermeasures
Kim, B., Heo, S., Lee, N., Cho, H., Choi, H., Jeon, K., Choi, J., & Lee, J. (2026) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2026.3673258
Regulatory Considerations and Legal Implications of Adopting Blockchains within Agribusiness
Sahani, V., Shukla, K., Sunita, Sharma, S., & Sharma, A. (2026) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9798898815196126010007
An Enhanced Cryptographic Security Framework for Hyperledger Blockchain
Chincholkar, A., Shep, V., Londhe, A., Joshi, M., Gole, P., & Mirgale, S. (2026) · International Conference on Computing, Communication and Green Engineering (CCGE) · doi:10.1109/ccge67142.2026.11581903
Norbu, T., Park, J. Y., Wong, K. W., & Cui, H. (2026) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.7051230
Blockchain Based Decentralized Authentication Modelling Scheme in Edge and IoT Environment
Shemdi, G., Pandey, A., Singh, R., & Girija, V. (2026) · International Conference on Emerging Trends in Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics (ICEMCSI) · doi:10.1109/icemcsi67638.2026.11603034
Next generation blockchain architectures: An in depth study of cryptocurrency driven innovation
Khan, J., Khan, G. A., Alam, I., Khan, M. R., Sharma, S., Hussain, T., Khan, M. A., Prasuna, P. M., & Alghamdi, A. A. (2026) · ICT Express · doi:10.1016/j.icte.2026.09.006
Metadata
- Authors
- Henry, R., Herzberg, A., & Kate, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- University of Connecticut (US)
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Security & Privacy
- Published
- 2018-07
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 38-45
- ISSN
- 1540-7993 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-4046
- OpenAlex
- W2886177063
- Cited by
- 273
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 39 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 54.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Security & Privacy (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation
- Israel Science Foundation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Networks and Communications › Cryptography and Data Security
- Keywords
- blockchain privacy, privacy attacks, Tor, unlinkability, transaction unlinkability, Bitcoin
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
