The DOI matches its Crossref record.
A Survey on TOA Based Wireless Localization and NLOS Mitigation Techniques
Abstract
Localization of a wireless device using the time-of-arrivals (TOAs) from different base stations has been studied extensively in the literature. Numerous localization algorithms with different accuracies, computational complexities, a-priori knowledge requirements, and different levels of robustness against non-line-of-sight (NLOS) bias effects also have been reported. However, to our best knowledge, a detailed unified survey of different localization and NLOS mitigation algorithms is not available in the literature. This paper aims to give a comprehensive review of these different TOA-based localization algorithms and their technical challenges, and to point out possible future research directions. Firstly, fundamental lower bounds and some practical estimators that achieve close to these bounds are summarized for line-of-sight (LOS) scenarios. Then, after giving the fundamental lower bounds for NLOS systems, different NLOS mitigation techniques are classified and summarized. Simulation results are also provided in order to compare the performance of various techniques. Finally, a table that summarizes the key characteristics of the investigated techniques is provided to conclude the paper.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Integrated Sensing and Communications: Toward Dual-Functional Wireless Networks for 6G and Beyond
Liu, F., Cui, Y., Masouros, C., Xu, J., Han, T. X., Eldar, Y. C., & Buzzi, S. (2022) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2022.3156632 · Cited by 3,857
Wi-Fi Fingerprint-Based Indoor Positioning: Recent Advances and Comparisons
He, S., & Chan, S.-H. G. (2016) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2015.2464084 · Cited by 1,355
Survey of Cellular Mobile Radio Localization Methods: From 1G to 5G
del Peral-Rosado, J. A., Raulefs, R., Lopez-Salcedo, J. A., & Seco-Granados, G. (2018) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2017.2785181 · Cited by 664
Indoor Positioning Systems Based on Visible Light Communication: State of the Art
Luo, J., Fan, L., & Li, H. (2017) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2017.2743228 · Cited by 435
Metadata
- Authors
- Guvenc, I., & Chong, C.-C.
- Venue
- IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 107-124
- ISSN
- 1553-877X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2124216931
- Cited by
- 1,077
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 26.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Survey on TOA Based Wireless Localization and NLOS Mitigation Techniques. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/surv.2009.090308
- The paper
- Guvenc, I., & Chong, C.-C. (2009). A Survey on TOA Based Wireless Localization and NLOS Mitigation Techniques. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials. https://doi.org/10.1109/surv.2009.090308
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
