CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 213Speech and Audio ProcessingMusic Technology and Sound StudiesMusic and Audio Processing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Fifty Years of Artificial Reverberation

Valimaki, Vesa, Parker, Julian D., Savioja, Lauri, Smith, Julius O., Abel, Jonathan S.·2012·IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
DOI 10.1109/tasl.2012.2189567
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The first artificial reverberation algorithms were proposed in the early 1960s, and new, improved algorithms are published regularly. These algorithms have been widely used in music production since the 1970s, and now find applications in new fields, such as game audio. This overview article provides a unified review of the various approaches to digital artificial reverberation. The three main categories have been delay networks, convolution-based algorithms, and physical room models. Delay-network and convolution techniques have been competing in popularity in the music technology field, and are often employed to produce a desired perceptual or artistic effect. In applications including virtual reality, predictive acoustic modeling, and computer-aided design of acoustic spaces, accuracy is desired, and physical models have been mainly used, although, due to their computational complexity, they are currently mainly used for simplified geometries or to generate reverberation impulse responses for use with a convolution method. With the increase of computing power, all these approaches will be available in real time. A recent trend in audio technology is the emulation of analog artificial reverberation units, such as spring reverberators, using signal processing algorithms. As a case study we present an improved parametric model for a spring reverberation unit.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1109/tasl.2012.2189567

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 1 references

Research works printed but not linked: 307

  1. menzer, 2010, Binaural reverberation using two parallel feedback delay networks, Proc Audio Eng Soc 40th Int Conf, 1
  2. abel, 2006, A simple, robust measure of reverberation echo density, Proc Audio Eng Soc Conv
  3. pulkki, 2004, Reproduction of reverberation with spatial impulse response rendering, Proc 106th Conv Audio Eng Soc
  4. gerzon, 1975, Recording concert hall acoustics for posterity, J Audio Eng Soc, 23, 569
  5. 10.1109/ICASSP.1992.226080 · DOI
  6. vickers, 2006, Frequency domain artificial reverberation using spectral magnitude decay, Proc Audio Eng Soc Conv
  7. 10.1109/ICASSP.2010.5495753 · DOI
  8. 10.1109/TVCG.2008.111 · DOI
  9. stewart, 2007, A hybrid artificial reverberation algorithm, Proc Audio Eng Soc Conv
  10. 10.1109/TASL.2009.2035038 · DOI
  11. 10.1016/0003-682X(93)90051-7 · DOI
  12. mcgovern, 2011, The image-source reverberation model in an N-dimensional space, Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects, 11
  13. 10.1016/j.apacoust.2008.02.003 · DOI
  14. kuttruff, 1993, Auralization of impulse responses modeled on the basis of ray-tracing results, J Audio Eng Soc, 41, 876
  15. tsingos, 2004, Perceptual audio rendering of complex virtual environments, ACM Trans Graphics, 23, 10.1145/1015706.1015710 · DOI
  16. 10.1016/0003-682X(93)90049-C · DOI
  17. 10.1016/0003-682X(93)90045-8 · DOI
  18. 10.1109/TASL.2008.920064 · DOI
  19. 10.1155/2010/642316 · DOI
  20. bai, 2010, Comparative study of design and implementation strategies of automotive virtual surround audio systems, J Audio Eng Soc, 58, 141
  21. 10.1109/MSP.2010.938756 · DOI
  22. ptynen, 2007, Virtual acoustics in practice rooms
  23. gardner, 1992, A realtime multichannel room simulator, Proc 125th Meeting Acoust Soc Amer, 10.1121/1.404752 · DOI
  24. griesinger, 1991, Improving room acoustics through time-variant synthetic reverberation, Proc Audio Eng Soc Conv
  25. 10.1109/TAU.1956.1165636 · DOI
  26. 10.1109/TSP.2009.2034933 · DOI
  27. liitola, 2006, Headphone sound externalization
  28. menzer, 2010, Investigations on an early-reflection-free model for BRIRs, J Audio Eng Soc, 58, 709
  29. begault, 2001, Direct comparison of the impact of head tracking, reverberation, and individualized head-related transfer functions on the spatial perception of a virtual speech source, J Audio Eng Soc, 49, 904
  30. 10.1016/j.jsv.2008.10.003 · DOI
  31. sakamoto, 1976, On out-of-head localization in headphone listening, J Audio Eng Soc, 24, 710
  32. lokki, 2009, A rehearsal hall with virtual acoustics for symphony orchestras, Proc 106th Conv Audio Eng Soc
  33. abel, 2003, On peak-detecting and RMS feedback and feedforward compressors, Proc 105th Conv Audio Engineering Society
  34. parker, 2011, A simple digital model of the diode-based ring-modulator, Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects, 163
  35. 10.1109/TASL.2009.2035211 · DOI
  36. 10.1109/TASL.2010.2046287 · DOI
  37. 10.1162/comj.2006.30.2.19 · DOI
  38. 10.1109/VIS.2005.78 · DOI
  39. 10.1109/TASL.2008.2009575 · DOI
  40. kapralos, 2007, Acoustical modeling with sonel mapping, Proc 19th Int Congr Acoust
  41. 10.1109/ISSPIT.2006.270840 · DOI
  42. hulsebos, 2002, Improved microphone array configurations for auralization of sound fields by wave-field synthesis, J Audio Eng Soc, 50, 779
  43. 2010, Method for reproducing natural or modified spatial impression in multichannel listening
  44. 10.3813/AAA.918132 · DOI
  45. 10.1121/1.407232 · DOI
  46. stephenson, 1996, Quantized pyramidal beam tracing—A new algorithm for room acoustics and noise immission prognosis, Acustica United with Acta Acustica, 82, 517
  47. 10.1016/0097-8493(94)00145-O · DOI
  48. schissler, 2011, GSound: Interactive sound propagation for games, Proc AES 41th Int Conf
  49. taylor, 2009, Fast edge-diffraction for sound propagation in complex virtual environments, Proc EAA Symp Auralization
  50. 10.1109/TVCG.2007.70567 · DOI
  51. 10.3813/AAA.918109 · DOI
  52. vnnen, 2002, The MPEG-4 Book, 545
  53. 10.1063/1.3156831 · DOI
  54. 10.1121/1.1772400 · DOI
  55. 10.1109/TMM.2004.834864 · DOI
  56. 10.2307/3680280 · DOI
  57. 10.1002/9780470680018 · DOI
  58. gardner, 1997, Applications of Digital Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, 85
  59. kleiner, 1993, Auralization—An overview, J Audio Eng Soc, 41, 861
  60. 10.1002/9781119991298.ch5 · DOI
  61. merimaa, 2005, Spatial impulse response rendering I: Analysis and synthesis, J Audio Eng Soc, 53, 1115
  62. vorlnder, 2007, Auralization Fundamentals of Acoustics Modelling Simulation Algorithms and Acoustic Virtual Reality
  63. merimaa, 2006, Analysis synthesis and perception of spatial soundbinaural localization modeling and multichannel loudspeaker reproduction
  64. 10.1109/MCG.2002.1016698 · DOI
  65. 10.1155/2011/940784 · DOI
  66. abel, 2006, Spring reverb emulation using dispersive allpass filters in a waveguide structure, Proc AES 121st Conv
  67. 10.1002/9781119991298.ch12 · DOI
  68. arnardottir, 2008, A digital model of the Echoplex tape delay, Proc Audio Eng Soc Conv
  69. 10.1109/TASL.2009.2031506 · DOI
  70. 10.1109/TASL.2009.2033637 · DOI
  71. 10.1098/rspa.2000.0654 · DOI
  72. 10.1002/9780470749012 · DOI
  73. vlimki, 2010, Parametric spring reverberation effect, J Audio Eng Soc, 58, 547
  74. 10.1016/0020-7403(66)90061-0 · DOI
  75. 10.1109/ICASSP.2006.1661275 · DOI
  76. campos, 2010, The Meshotron: A network of specialized hardware units for 3-D digital waveguide mesh acoustic model parallelization, Proc 128th Audio Eng Soc Conv
  77. kelloniemi, 2005, Artificial reverberation using a hyper-dimensional FDTD mesh, Proc Eur Signal Process Conf
  78. wells, 2009, Temporal matching of 2-D and 3-D wave-based acoustic modeling for efficient and realistic simulation of rooms, Proc 106th Conv Audio Eng Soc
  79. webb, 2011, Virtual room acoustics: A comparison of techniques for computing 3D-FDTD schemes using CUDA, Proc Audio Eng Soc Conv
  80. 10.1109/TASL.2009.2033978 · DOI
  81. 10.1016/j.apacoust.2011.05.012 · DOI
  82. pakarinen, 2009, A review of digital techniques for modeling vacuum-tube guitar amplifiers, Comput Music J, 33, 85, 10.1162/comj.2009.33.2.85 · DOI
  83. 10.1109/ICASSP.2011.5946404 · DOI
  84. escolano, 2007, On the implementation of a room acoustics modeling software using finite-differences time-domain method, Proc 122nd Conv Audio Eng Soc
  85. lopez, 2007, Simulation of complex and large rooms using a digital waveguide mesh, Proc Audio Eng Soc Conv
  86. rber, 2006, Waveguide-based room acoustics through graphics hardware, Proc Int Comput Music Conf
  87. southern, 2010, Finite difference room acoustic modelling on a general purpose graphics processing unit, Proc 128th Audio Eng Soc Conv
  88. krning, 2011, Analysis and simulation of an analog guitar compressor, Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects, 205
  89. 1972, Helical spring for producing artificial reverberation
  90. 1961, Artificial reverberation apparatus
  91. bode, 1984, History of electronic sound modification, J Audio Eng Soc, 32, 730
  92. blesser, 2006, Spaces Speak Are You Listening?, 10.7551/mitpress/6384.001.0001 · DOI
  93. swedien, 2009, Make Mine Music
  94. 1932, Transmission and reproduction of sound
  95. 10.1109/TASL.2010.2046449 · DOI
  96. parker, 2009, Spring reverberation: A physical perspective, Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects, 416
  97. petrick, 2007, The harming part of room acoustics in automatic speech recognition, Proc INTERSPEECH, 1094
  98. 10.1016/j.apacoust.2007.11.011 · DOI
  99. 10.1145/280814.280818 · DOI
  100. 10.1016/0003-682X(93)90052-8 · DOI
  101. 10.1016/0003-682X(85)90024-6 · DOI
  102. 10.1016/0003-682X(83)90021-X · DOI
  103. 10.1016/0022-460X(68)90198-3 · DOI
  104. siltanen, 2007, The room acoustic rendering equation, J Acoust Soc Amer, 122, 1624, 10.1121/1.2766781 · DOI
  105. spratt, 2008, A digital reverberator modeled after the scattering of acoustic waves by trees in a forest, Proc Audio Eng Soc Conv
  106. 10.1007/978-0-387-30425-0_9 · DOI
  107. rossing, 2002, The Science of Sound
  108. 10.1109/MSP.2007.323277 · DOI
  109. 10.1121/1.2221392 · DOI
  110. 10.1121/1.424360 · DOI
  111. 10.1145/1778765.1778805 · DOI
  112. beranek, 1996, Concert and Opera Halls How They Sound
  113. 10.1109/ICASSP.2006.1661238 · DOI
  114. 10.1145/1272516.1272541 · DOI
  115. 10.1121/1.1909409 · DOI
  116. raghuvanshi, 2009, Efficient numerical acoustic simulation on graphics processors using adaptive rectangular decomposition, Proc EAA Symp Auralization
  117. 10.1155/S111086570440211X · DOI
  118. penttinen, 2001, New techniques to model reverberant instrument body responses, Proc Int Comput Music Conf, 182
  119. 10.1121/1.2756172 · DOI
  120. 10.1109/TASL.2010.2040524 · DOI
  121. 10.1109/TASL.2010.2052610 · DOI
  122. de lima, 2008, Reverberation assessment in audioband speech signals for telepresence systems, Proc Int Conf Signal Process Multimedia Applicat, 257
  123. karjalainen, 1996, Body modeling techniques for string instrument synthesis, Proc Int Comput Music Conf, 232
  124. mallidi, 2011, Modulation spectrum analysis for recognition of reverberant speech, Proc INTERSPEECH, 189, 10.21437/Interspeech.2011-79 · DOI
  125. robjohns, 1985, Ursa Major Space Station, Sound on Sound, 21
  126. blesser, 1971, An audio delay system using digital technology, J Audio Eng Soc, 19, 393
  127. 2007, Lexicon Celebrates 35 Years of Digital Audio
  128. 1980, Electric reverberation apparatus
  129. dahl, 2000, A reverberator based on absorbent all-pass filters, Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects, 67
  130. 1980, Lexicon model 224 digital reverb
  131. 1981, Advanced Music Systems RMX16 Digital Reverberation System User Manual
  132. 10.1121/1.382599 · DOI
  133. 10.1121/1.390983 · DOI
  134. 10.1007/BF00348431 · DOI
  135. 1973, Arrangement for damping torsional oscillations induced in a helical spring particularly in artificial reverberation devices
  136. 0, Service Manual for the AKG BX20E
  137. 1968, Folded-line reverberation device
  138. parker, 2010, Modeling methods for the highly dispersive Slinky spring: A novel musical toy, Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects, 123
  139. kuhl, 1958, The acoustical and technological properties of the reverberation plate, EBU Review Part ATechnical, 49, 8
  140. gamper, 2011, Automated calibration of a parametric spring reverb model, Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects, 37
  141. greenblatt, 2009, An emulation of the EMT 140 plate reverberator using a hybrid reverberator structure, Proc 107th Audio Eng Soc Conv
  142. huovilainen, 2005, Enhanced digital models for analog modulation effects, Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects, 155
  143. 1973, Reverberation device
  144. bilbao, 2007, A digital plate reverberation algorithm, J Audio Eng Soc, 55, 135
  145. 10.1109/JSSC.1969.1049975 · DOI
  146. vlimki, 2009, Spectral delay filters, J Audio Eng Soc, 57, 521
  147. 0, Datasheet for MN3011 IC Panasonic Semiconductor
  148. bilbao, 2010, Perceptual and numerical aspects of spring reverberation modeling, Proc Int Symp Musical Acoustics
  149. 10.1109/TAU.1961.1166351 · DOI
  150. 10.1109/TCS.1974.1083908 · DOI
  151. 10.1121/1.1911541 · DOI
  152. 10.1155/2011/646134 · DOI
  153. 10.1109/JPROC.2010.2090998 · DOI
  154. raffel, 2010, Practical modeling of bucket-brigade device circuits, Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects, 50
  155. murphy, 2008, Hybrid room impulse response synthesis in digital waveguide mesh based room acoustics simulation, Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects, 129
  156. aretz, 2009, Combined broadband impulse responses using FEM and hybrid ray-based methods, Proc EAA Symp Auralization
  157. southern, 2011, Spatial room impulse responses with a hybrid modeling method, Proc Audio Eng Soc Conv
  158. 10.1145/383259.383323 · DOI
  159. tsingos, 2007, Instant sound scattering, Proc 17th Eurographics Symp Rendering
  160. 10.1121/1.398336 · DOI
  161. 10.1016/0003-682X(93)90048-B · DOI
  162. smith, 2007, Introduction to Digital Filters
  163. smith, 2010, Physical Audio Signal Processing
  164. 10.1121/1.1340647 · DOI
  165. tsingos, 2011, Using programmable graphics hardware for acoustics and audio rendering, J Audio Eng Soc, 59, 628
  166. lokki, 2002, An efficient auralization of edge diffraction, Proc AES 21st Int Conf Architect Acoust Sound Reinforcement, 166
  167. savioja, 2011, Audio signal processing using graphics processing units, J Audio Eng Soc, 59, 3
  168. calamia, 2007, Culling insignificant diffraction components for interactive acoustic simulations, Proc 19th Int Congr Acoust
  169. savioja, 2010, Real-time 3D finite-difference time-domain simulation of low- and mid-frequency room acoustics, Proc Int Conf Digital Audio Effects, 77
  170. farina, 2000, Simultaneous measurement of impulse response and distortion with a swept-sine technique, Proc AES 108th Conv
  171. 10.2307/3680470 · DOI
  172. 10.1109/TSA.2003.811541 · DOI
  173. smith, 0, Audio Signal Processing in Faust
  174. 1991, Digital signal processing using waveguide networks
  175. smith, 1985, A new approach to digital reverberation using closed waveguide networks, Proc Int Comput Music Conf, 47
  176. vercoe, 1985, Synthetic rehearsal: Training the synthetic performer, Proc Int Comput Music Conf, 275
  177. gerzon, 1971, Synthetic stereo reverberation, parts I and II, Studio Sound, 13(i) 14(ii), 632635(i), 24
  178. 1988, Spatial reverberator
  179. robjohns, 1999, Sony DRE S777 sampling digital reverb, Sound on Sound, 15
  180. jot, 1991, Digital delay networks for designing artificial reverberators, Proc 90th Conv Audio Eng Soc
  181. 1996, Method and system for artificial spatialisation of digital audio signals
  182. dattorro, 1997, Effects design, part 1: Reverberator and other filters, J Audio Eng Soc, 45, 660
  183. reilly, 1995, Convolution processing for realistic reverberation, Proc 98th Conv Audio Eng Soc
  184. kendall, 1984, Simulating the cues of spatial hearing in natural environments, Proc Int Comput Music Conf, 111
  185. karjalainen, 2005, Digital waveguide networks for room response modeling and synthesis, Proc 112th Audio Eng Soc Conv
  186. markel, 1976, Linear Prediction of Speech, 10.1007/978-3-642-66286-7 · DOI
  187. wenzel, 2000, Sound lab: A real-time, software-based system for the study of spatial hearing, Proc 100th Conv Audio Engineering Society
  188. 1997, Method and apparatus for efficient presentation of high-quality three-dimensional audio
  189. ahnert, 1993, EARS auralization software, J Audio Eng Soc, 41, 894
  190. 10.1109/ASPAA.1991.634098 · DOI
  191. jot, 1995, Digital signal processing issues in the context of binaural and transaural stereophony, Proc 98th Conv Audio Eng Soc
  192. 10.1016/0003-682X(92)90050-3 · DOI
  193. farina, 1995, Auralization software for the evaluation of the results obtained by a pyramid tracing code: Results of subjective listening tests, Proc 15th Int Congr Acoust
  194. 10.1016/0003-682X(93)90044-7 · DOI
  195. dalenbck, 1995, A new model for room acoustic prediction and auralization
  196. takala, 1996, An integrated system for virtual audio reality, Proc 100th Audio Eng Soc Conv
  197. 10.1016/0003-682X(93)90046-9 · DOI
  198. 10.1109/ASPAA.1997.625594 · DOI
  199. 10.3813/AAA.918116 · DOI
  200. silzle, 2004, IKA-SIM: A system to generate auditory virtual environments, Proc 116th Audio Eng Soc Conv

200 of 307 shown

Metadata

Authors
Valimaki, V., Parker, J. D., Savioja, L., Smith, J. O., & Abel, J. S.
Affiliations
  • Aalto University (FI)
  • Stanford University (US)
ORCID
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
2012-07
Volume
20
Issue
5
Pages
1421-1448
ISSN
  • 1558-7916 (ISSN-L)
  • 1558-7924
DOI
10.1109/tasl.2012.2189567
OpenAlex
W2002507711
Cited by
213
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 1
FWCI
13.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html (vor)
Locations
IEEE Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Speech and Audio Processing
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Music › Music Technology and Sound Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Music and Audio Processing
Keywords
artificial reverberation, delay networks, convolution reverb, game audio, virtual reality audio, parametric models

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review