Real-valued fast Fourier transform algorithms
Abstract
This tutorial paper describes the methods for constructing fast algorithms for the computation of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of a real-valued series. The application of these ideas to all the major fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithms is discussed, and the various algorithms are compared. We present a new implementation of the real-valued split-radix FFT, an algorithm that uses fewer operations than any other real-valued power-of-2-length FFT. We also compare the performance of inherently real-valued transform algorithms such as the fast Hartley transform (FHT) and the fast cosine transform (FCT) to real-valued FFT algorithms for the computation of power spectra and cyclic convolutions. Comparisons of these techniques reveal that the alternative techniques always require more additions than a method based on a real-valued FFT algorithm and result in computer code of equal or greater length and complexity.
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If the Fourier transform of a real-valued series of length K is computed using the FFT routine devised by [61], it requires (K/2) log2(K) - 5K/4 multiplications.
“If the Fourier transform of a realvalued series of length K is computed using the FFT routine devised by [61], it requires ( K/ 2) log 2 ( K ) -5 K/ 4 multiplications.”
From Time Delay Estimation in Room Acoustic Environments: An Overview (2006) · cites this paper as [61]
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A modified split-radix fft with fewer arithmetic operations
Johnson, S. G., & Frigo, M. (2007) · IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/tsp.2006.882087 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Time Delay Estimation in Room Acoustic Environments: An Overview
Chen, J., Benesty, J., & Huang, Y. (2006) · EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing · doi:10.1155/asp/2006/26503 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Pellegrini, S., Minelli, L., Andrenacci, L., Rizzelli, G., Pilori, D., Bosco, G., Della Chiesa, L., Crognale, C., Piciaccia, S., & Gaudino, R. (2025) · Journal of Optical Communications and Networking · doi:10.1364/jocn.537881 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Li, P., Pan, W., Zou, X., & Yan, L. (2022) · Journal of Lightwave Technology · doi:10.1109/jlt.2021.3127449 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sorensen, H., Jones, D., Heideman, M., & Burrus, C.
- Affiliations
- Rice University (US)
- Lockheed Missiles and Space Company (United States) (US)
- ORCID
- Jones, D.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing
- Published
- 1987-06
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 849-863
- ISSN
- 0096-3518 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2134128809
- Cited by
- 500
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 16.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Rice University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Signal Processing › Digital Filter Design and Implementation
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Applied Mathematics › Mathematical Analysis and Transform Methods
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- discrete Fourier transform, split-radix FFT, fast Hartley transform, fast cosine transform, power spectrum, cyclic convolution, computational efficiency
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