The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Clock Synchronization in Distributed Real-Time Systems
Abstract
The generation of a fault-tolerant global time base with known accuracy of synchronization is one of the important operating system functions in a distributed real-time system. Depending on the types and number of tolerated faults, this paper presents upper bounds on the achievable synchronization accuracy for external and internal synchronization in a distributed real-time system. The concept of continuous versus instantaneous synchronization is introduced in order to generate a uniform common time base for local, global, and external time measurements. In the last section, the functions of a VLSI clock synchronization unit, which improves the synchronization accuracy and reduces the CPU load, are described. With this unit, the CPU overhead and the network traffic for clock synchronization in state-of-the-art distributed real-time systems can be reduced to less than 1 percent.
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Citations
Cites
Time, clocks, and the ordering of events in a distributed system
Lamport, L. (1978) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/359545.359563 · Cited by 8,488
Maintaining knowledge about temporal intervals
Allen, J. F. (1983) · Communications of the ACM · doi:10.1145/182.358434 · Cited by 7,593
SIFT: Design and analysis of a fault-tolerant computer for aircraft control
Wensley, J. H., Lamport, L., Goldberg, J., Green, M. W., Levitt, K. N., Melliar-Smith, P. M., Shostak, R. E., & Weinstock, C. B. (1978) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/proc.1978.11114 · Cited by 568
Synchronizing clocks in the presence of faults
Lamport, L., & Melliar-Smith, P. M. (1985) · Journal of the ACM · doi:10.1145/2455.2457 · Cited by 543
Reaching approximate agreement in the presence of faults
Dolev, D., Lynch, N. A., Pinter, S. S., Stark, E. W., & Weihl, W. E. (1986) · Journal of the ACM · doi:10.1145/5925.5931 · Cited by 525
A new fault-tolerant algorithm for clock synchronization
Lundelius, J., & Lynch, N. (1984) · Proceedings of the third annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing - PODC '84 · doi:10.1145/800222.806738 · Cited by 160
Mahaney, S. R., & Schneider, F. B. (1985) · ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC) · doi:10.1145/323596.323618 · Cited by 115
Maintaining the time in a distributed system
Marzullo, K., & Owicki, S. S. (1983) · ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing (PODC) · doi:10.1145/800221.806730 · Cited by 113
A Paradigm for Reliable Clock Synchronization
Schneider, F. B. (1986) · Cited by 56
Cited by
Holistic schedulability analysis for distributed hard real-time systems
Tindell, K., & Clark, J. (1994) · Microprocessing and Microprogramming · doi:10.1016/0165-6074(94)90080-9 · Cited by 759
Detecting anomalies in microservices with execution trace comparison
Meng, L., Ji, F., Sun, Y., & Wang, T. (2021) · Future Generation Computer Systems · doi:10.1016/j.future.2020.10.040 · Cited by 70
On Security in Publish/Subscribe Services: A Survey
Esposito, C., & Ciampi, M. (2015) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2014.2364616 · Cited by 55
Metadata
- Authors
- Kopetz, H., & Ochsenreiter, W.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Computers
- Published
- 1987-08
- Volume
- C-36
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 933-940
- ISSN
- 0018-9340 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2024481357
- Cited by
- 572
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 12.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
