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A Deep Learning Framework for Optimization of MISO Downlink Beamforming
Open accessAbstract
Beamforming is an effective means to improve the quality of the received signals in multiuser multiple-input-single-output (MISO) systems. Traditionally, finding the optimal beamforming solution relies on iterative algorithms, which introduces high computational delay and is thus not suitable for real-time implementation. In this paper, we propose a deep learning framework for the optimization of downlink beamforming. In particular, the solution is obtained based on convolutional neural networks and exploitation of expert knowledge, such as the uplink-downlink duality and the known structure of optimal solutions. Using this framework, we construct three beamforming neural networks (BNNs) for three typical optimization problems, i.e., the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) balancing problem, the power minimization problem, and the sum rate maximization problem. For the former two problems the BNNs adopt the supervised learning approach, while for the sum rate maximization problem a hybrid method of supervised and unsupervised learning is employed. Simulation results show that the BNNs can achieve near-optimal solutions to the SINR balancing and power minimization problems, and a performance close to that of the weighted minimum mean squared error algorithm for the sum rate maximization problem, while in all cases enjoy significantly reduced computational complexity. In summary, this work paves the way for fast realization of optimal beamforming in multiuser MISO systems.
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“This is due to the reason that quantum channels can have different possibilities in terms of delivering information including quantum information, entanglement-assisted classical information [123] and private classical information [124].”
From Quantum Machine Learning for 6G Communication Networks: State-of-the-Art and Vision for the Future (2019) · cites this paper as [124]
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“To evaluate the performance of the proposed BNNs, we carry out numerical simulations to compare the BNNs with several benchmark solutions (when available), including the optimal beamforming, the ZF beamforming [58], the RZF beamforming [59], and the WMMSE algorithm.”
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“P3 is a difficult nonconvex problem and is usually solved using the iterative WMMSE approach [9, 10], therefore, supervised learning alone is insufficient for this case.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialOn the optimality of multiantenna broadcast scheduling using zero-forcing beamforming
Taesa, & Goldsmith, A. J. (2006) · IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications · doi:10.1109/jsac.2005.862421 · Cited by 2,054 · cited 2×
“…ratio (SINR) balancing problem (also known as interference balancing problem) under a total power constraint [2–4], as a power minimization problem under quality of service (QoS) constraints [5–8], or as a sum rate maximization problem under a total power constraint [2, 9–11].”
BackgroundMethod
Research works printed but not linked: 1
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DNN-based Sum-Rate Maximization of Multicell MISO Networks
Kim, Y., Jang, J., & Yang, H. J. (2020) · 2018 52nd Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers · doi:10.1109/ieeeconf51394.2020.9443418
Deep Learning-Assisted Beamforming Design and BER Evaluation in Multi-User Downlink Systems
Kim, J., Lee, H., Hong, S., et al. (2021) · International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks · doi:10.1109/icufn49451.2021.9528786
On the Robustness of Deep Learning Based Beamforming for MU-MISO Systems
de Santana, E. M. S., Guerreiro, I. M., Silva, Y. C. B., et al. (2021) · Anais do XXXIX Simpósio Brasileiro de Telecomunicações e Processamento de Sinais · doi:10.14209/sbrt.2021.1570730492
Machine Learning and Optimization Algorithms in Applied Problems of Wireless Cellular Communications
Bobrov, E. (2022) · Moscow University Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics · doi:10.3103/s0278641922020029
Bai, S., Gao, Z., & Liao, X. (2022) · IEEE/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC) · doi:10.1109/iccc55456.2022.9880773
Metadata
- Authors
- Xia, W., Zheng, G., Zhu, Y., Zhang, J., Wang, J., & Petropulu, A. P.
- Affiliations
- Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (CN)
- Loughborough University (GB)
- London South Bank University (GB)
- University of Kent (GB)
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Communications
- Published
- 2020-03
- Volume
- 68
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1866-1880
- ISSN
- 0090-6778 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-0857
- OpenAlex
- W2908498346
- Semantic Scholar
- f4996081ea7ea0995d70f5ad2e9bb121dfe5d384
- Cited by
- 345
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 62 · 2023: 61 · 2022: 63 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 33
- FWCI
- 13.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Communications (publishedVersion)
- Research Open (London South Bank University) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61871446, 61671251, U1805262, 61404130218)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/N007840/1)
- Leverhulme Trust (RPG-2017-129)
- National Science Foundation (CCF-1526908)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Wireless Network Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
- Keywords
- convolutional neural networks, SINR balancing, power minimization, sum rate maximization, uplink-downlink duality, supervised learning, unsupervised learning, computational complexity reduction, real-time beamforming
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