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Cited by 235Emotion and Mood RecognitionFace recognition and analysisFace and Expression Recognition

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Automatic Facial Expression Recognition Using Facial Animation Parameters and Multistream HMMs

Aleksic, P.S., Katsaggelos, A.K.·2006·IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
DOI 10.1109/tifs.2005.863510
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Abstract

The performance of an automatic facial expression recognition system can be significantly improved by modeling the reliability of different streams of facial expression information utilizing multistream hidden Markov models (HMMs). In this paper, we present an automatic multistream HMM facial expression recognition system and analyze its performance. The proposed system utilizes facial animation parameters (FAPs), supported by the MPEG-4 standard, as features for facial expression classification. Specifically, the FAPs describing the movement of the outer-lip contours and eyebrows are used as observations. Experiments are first performed employing single-stream HMMs under several different scenarios, utilizing outer-lip and eyebrow FAPs individually and jointly. A multistream HMM approach is proposed for introducing facial expression and FAP group dependent stream reliability weights. The stream weights are determined based on the facial expression recognition results obtained when FAP streams are utilized individually. The proposed multistream HMM facial expression system, which utilizes stream reliability weights, achieves relative reduction of the facial expression recognition error of 44% compared to the single-stream HMM system.

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Show all 34 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. cohn, 1997, automated face coding: a computer-vision based method of facial expression analysis, 7th Eur Conf Facial Expression Measurement and Meaning, 329
  2. aleksic, 2005, automatic facial expression recognition using facial animation parameters and multi-stream hmms, 6th E Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services (WIAMIS 05)
  3. suwa, 1978, a preliminary note on pattern recognition of human emotional expression, Proc 4th Int Joint Conf on Pattern Recognition, 408
  4. senior, 1999, face and feature finding for a face recognition system, Proc Int Conf Audio and Video Based Biometric Person Authentication, 154
  5. aleksic, 2003, an audio-visual person identification and verification system using faps as visual features, Proc Works Multimedia User Authentication, 80
  6. zhao, 1996, classifying facial emotions by back propagation neural networks with fuzzy inputs, Proc Int Conf Neural Inform Process, 1, 454

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Metadata

Authors
Aleksic, P. S., & Katsaggelos, A. K.
Affiliations
Northwestern University (US)
ORCID
Katsaggelos, A.K.
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
2006-03
Volume
1
Issue
1
Pages
3-11
ISSN
1556-6013 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1109/tifs.2005.863510
OpenAlex
W2098044144
Cited by
235
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 12
FWCI
24.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html (vor)
Locations
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Emotion and Mood Recognition
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face recognition and analysis
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face and Expression Recognition
Keywords
facial expression recognition, facial animation parameters, eyebrow movements, MPEG-4, error reduction

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