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Cited by 33Autonomous Vehicle Technology and SafetyAdvanced Data Compression TechniquesAdvanced Database Systems and Queries

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The Smart Black Box: A Value-Driven High-Bandwidth Automotive Event Data Recorder

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Yao, Yu, Atkins, Ella·2021·IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
DOI 10.1109/tits.2020.2971385
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Abstract

Autonomous vehicles require reliable and resilient sensor suites and ongoing validation through fleet-wide data collection. This paper proposes a Smart Black Box (SBB) to augment traditional low-bandwidth data logging with value-driven high-bandwidth data capture. The SBB caches short-term histories of data as buffers through a deterministic Mealy machine based on data value and similarity. Compression quality for each frame is determined by optimizing the trade-off between value and storage cost. With finite storage, prioritized data recording discards low-value buffers to make room for new data. This paper formulates SBB compression decision making as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem with novel value metrics and filtering. The SBB has been evaluated on a traffic simulator which generates trajectories containing events of interest (EOIs) and corresponding first-person view videos. SBB compression efficiency is assessed by comparing storage requirements with different compression quality levels and event capture ratios. Performance is evaluated by comparing results with a traditional first-in-first-out (FIFO) recording scheme. Deep learning performance on images recorded at different compression levels is evaluated to illustrate the reproducibility of SBB recorded data.

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Metadata

Authors
Yao, Y., & Atkins, E.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
2021-03
Volume
22
Issue
3
Pages
1484-1496
ISSN
  • 1524-9050 (ISSN-L)
  • 1558-0016
DOI
10.1109/tits.2020.2971385
OpenAlex
W2919817819
Cited by
33
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5
FWCI
1.85
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
National Science Foundation (CNS 1544844)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Data Compression Techniques
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Advanced Database Systems and Queries
Keywords
autonomous vehicles, data compression, Mealy machines, storage cost optimization, multi-objective optimization, traffic simulation

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Smart Black Box: A Value-Driven High-Bandwidth Automotive Event Data Recorder. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/tits.2020.2971385
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Yao, Y., & Atkins, E. (2021). The Smart Black Box: A Value-Driven High-Bandwidth Automotive Event Data Recorder. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1109/tits.2020.2971385