The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Beyond Bilinear: Generalized Multimodal Factorized High-Order Pooling for Visual Question Answering
Open accessAbstract
Visual question answering (VQA) is challenging, because it requires a simultaneous understanding of both visual content of images and textual content of questions. To support the VQA task, we need to find good solutions for the following three issues: 1) fine-grained feature representations for both the image and the question; 2) multimodal feature fusion that is able to capture the complex interactions between multimodal features; and 3) automatic answer prediction that is able to consider the complex correlations between multiple diverse answers for the same question. For fine-grained image and question representations, a "coattention" mechanism is developed using a deep neural network (DNN) architecture to jointly learn the attentions for both the image and the question, which can allow us to reduce the irrelevant features effectively and obtain more discriminative features for image and question representations. For multimodal feature fusion, a generalized multimodal factorized high-order pooling approach (MFH) is developed to achieve more effective fusion of multimodal features by exploiting their correlations sufficiently, which can further result in superior VQA performance as compared with the state-of-the-art approaches. For answer prediction, the Kullback-Leibler divergence is used as the loss function to achieve precise characterization of the complex correlations between multiple diverse answers with the same or similar meaning, which can allow us to achieve faster convergence rate and obtain slightly better accuracy on answer prediction. A DNN architecture is designed to integrate all these aforementioned modules into a unified model for achieving superior VQA performance. With an ensemble of our MFH models, we achieve the state-of-the-art performance on the large-scale VQA data sets and win the runner-up in VQA Challenge 2017.
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Citations
Cites
Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., & Sun, J. (2016) · 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2016.90 · Cited by 235,474
Hochreiter, S., & Schmidhuber, J. (1997) · Neural Computation · doi:10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735 · Cited by 102,318
Show, Attend and Tell: Neural Image Caption Generation with Visual Attention
Xu, K., Ba, J., Kiros, R., Cho, K., Courville, A., Salakhutdinov, R., Zemel, R., & Bengio, Y. (2015) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1502.03044 · Cited by 8,248
Visual Genome: Connecting Language and Vision Using Crowdsourced Dense Image Annotations
Krishna, R., Zhu, Y., Groth, O., Johnson, J., Hata, K., Kravitz, J., Chen, S., Kalantidis, Y., Li, L.-J., Shamma, D. A., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-016-0981-7 · Cited by 5,107
VQA: Visual Question Answering
Antol, S., Agrawal, A., Lu, J., Mitchell, M., Batra, D., Zitnick, C. L., & Parikh, D. (2015) · 2015 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV) · doi:10.1109/iccv.2015.279 · Cited by 4,487
A Structured Self-attentive Sentence Embedding
Lin, Z., Feng, M., Santos, C. N. D., Yu, M., Xiang, B., Zhou, B., & Bengio, Y. (2017) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1703.03130 · Cited by 1,743 · cited 1×
“Inspired by the works from the Natural Language Processing community [24], [25], some approaches perform attention learning on both the images and the questions.”
MethodMultimodal Compact Bilinear Pooling for Visual Question Answering and Visual Grounding
Fukui, A., Park, D. H., Yang, D., Rohrbach, A., Darrell, T., & Rohrbach, M. (2016) · Proceedings of the 2016 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing · doi:10.18653/v1/d16-1044 · Cited by 1,582
Kiros, R., Zhu, Y., Salakhutdinov, R., Zemel, R. S., Torralba, A., Urtasun, R., & Fidler, S. (2015) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1506.06726 · Cited by 1,293
Making the V in VQA Matter: Elevating the Role of Image Understanding in Visual Question Answering
Goyal, Y., Khot, T., Agrawal, A., Summers-Stay, D., Batra, D., & Parikh, D. (2019) · International Journal of Computer Vision · doi:10.1007/s11263-018-1116-0 · Cited by 487
Cited by
LXMERT: Learning Cross-Modality Encoder Representations from Transformers
Tan, H., & Bansal, M. (2019) · Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP) · doi:10.18653/v1/d19-1514 · Cited by 2,319
Deep Modular Co-Attention Networks for Visual Question Answering
Yu, Z., Yu, J., Cui, Y., Tao, D., & Tian, Q. (2019) · 2019 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) · doi:10.1109/cvpr.2019.00644 · Cited by 964
Self-citationMultimodal intelligence: Representation learning, information fusion, and applications
Zhang, C., Yang, Z., He, X., & Deng, L. (2020) · IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing · doi:10.1109/jstsp.2020.2987728 · Cited by 511
Zhao, F., Zhang, C., & Geng, B. (2024) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3649447 · Cited by 480
FloodNet: A High Resolution Aerial Imagery Dataset for Post Flood Scene Understanding
Rahnemoonfar, M., Chowdhury, T., Sarkar, A., Varshney, D., Yari, M., & Murphy, R. R. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3090981 · Cited by 394
Metadata
- Authors
- Yu, Z., Yu, J., Xiang, C., Fan, J., & Tao, D.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
- Published
- 2018-12
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5947-5959
- ISSN
- 2162-237X (ISSN-L)
- 2162-2388
- OpenAlex
- W2747623286
- Cited by
- 532
- References
- 9
- FWCI
- 31.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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