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Cited by 769

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 159 of the 159 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Deep Long-Tailed Learning: A Survey

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Zhang, Yifan, Kang, Bingyi, Hooi, Bryan, Yan, Shuicheng, Feng, Jiashi·2023·IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence

Abstract

Deep long-tailed learning, one of the most challenging problems in visual recognition, aims to train well-performing deep models from a large number of images that follow a long-tailed class distribution. In the last decade, deep learning has emerged as a powerful recognition model for learning high-quality image representations and has led to remarkable breakthroughs in generic visual recognition. However, long-tailed class imbalance, a common problem in practical visual recognition tasks, often limits the practicality of deep network based recognition models in real-world applications, since they can be easily biased towards dominant classes and perform poorly on tail classes. To address this problem, a large number of studies have been conducted in recent years, making promising progress in the field of deep long-tailed learning. Considering the rapid evolution of this field, this article aims to provide a comprehensive survey on recent advances in deep long-tailed learning. To be specific, we group existing deep long-tailed learning studies into three main categories (i.e., class re-balancing, information augmentation and module improvement), and review these methods following this taxonomy in detail. Afterward, we empirically analyze several state-of-the-art methods by evaluating to what extent they address the issue of class imbalance via a newly proposed evaluation metric, i.e., relative accuracy. We conclude the survey by highlighting important applications of deep long-tailed learning and identifying several promising directions for future research.

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Metadata

Authors
Zhang, Y., Kang, B., Hooi, B., Yan, S., & Feng, J.
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Published
2023-09-01
Volume
45
Issue
9
Pages
10795-10816
ISSN
  • 0162-8828 (ISSN-L)
  • 2160-9292
  • 1939-3539
OpenAlex
W4366352743
Cited by
769
References
159
FWCI
66.46
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Deep Long-Tailed Learning: A Survey. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/tpami.2023.3268118
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Zhang, Y., Kang, B., Hooi, B., Yan, S., & Feng, J. (2023). Deep Long-Tailed Learning: A Survey. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence. https://doi.org/10.1109/tpami.2023.3268118

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