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Dynamic Thermal Modelling of Power Transformers
Open accessAbstract
The aim of this paper is to introduce hot-spot and top-oil temperature thermal models for more accurate temperature calculations during transient states based on data received in a normal heat run test (i.e., the top oil in the tank of the transformer and the average winding-to-average oil gradient). Oil viscosity changes and loss variation with temperature are taken into account. The new thermal models will be validated using experimental (fiber-optic test) results obtained at varying load current on a 250-MVA-ONAF-cooled unit, a 400-MVA-ONAF-cooled unit and a 605-MVA-OFAF-cooled unit. The results are also compared with the IEEE-Loading guide (1995) Annex G method.
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At the feeder level, uneven spatial distribution of EV chargers aggravates voltage drop and phase imbalance.
“At the feeder level, the additional problem of uneven spatial distribution of EV chargers aggravates the voltage drop and phase imbalance problem [129].”
From Economic Impacts and Mitigation for the Grid Connected Electric Vehicle Charging: A Technical and Operational Overview (2026) · cites this paper as [129]
The supplied passages and searches for EV chargers, feeder voltage drop, and phase imbalance found only discussion of transformer thermal modelling and loading (section 2 and section 4.1.2; page numbers unavailable). No passage in our copy addresses whether uneven charger placement aggravates feeder voltage drop or phase imbalance. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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Research works printed but not linked: 11
- 10.3403/00325978 · DOI
- 10.1109/ieeestd.2003.94283 · DOI
- Incropera, 1996, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer
- Karsai, 1987, Large Power Transformers
- 10.1109/TPWRD.2002.807747 · DOI
- 10.1109/TPWRD.2003.817516 · DOI
- 10.1109/61.141852 · DOI
- 10.1109/28.273636 · DOI
- 10.1109/61.915478 · DOI
- 10.1109/61.915479 · DOI
- Lampe, Hot-spot measurements in power transformers
Cited by
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Ikhajangbe, O. E., Dhulipati, H., & Liu, S. (2026) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2026.3684508 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Susa, D., Lehtonen, M., & Nordman, H.
- Affiliations
- Aalto University (FI)
- ABB (Finland) (FI)
- ORCID
- Lehtonen, M.
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
- Published
- 2005-01
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 197-204
- ISSN
- 0885-8977 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1980641210
- Cited by
- 351
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 6.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- aaltodoc.aalto.fi
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery (publishedVersion)
- Aaltodoc (Aalto University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Thermal Analysis in Power Transmission
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Magnetic Properties and Applications
- Keywords
- power transformers, hot spot temperature, top oil temperature, transient thermal analysis, oil viscosity, fiber optic temperature measurement
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