Development of three-phase unbalanced power flow using PV and PQ models for distributed generation and study of the impact of DG models
Abstract
With the increased installations of distributed generators (DGs) within power systems, load flow analysis of distribution systems needs special models and algorithms to handle multiple sources. In this paper, the development of an unbalanced three-phase load flow algorithm that can handle multiple sources is described. This software is capable of switching the DG mode of operation from constant voltage to constant power factor. The algorithm to achieve this in the presence of multiple DGs is proposed. Shipboard power systems (SPS) have other special characteristics apart from multiple sources, which make the load flow difficult to converge. The developed software is verified for a distribution system without DG using the Radial Distribution Analysis Package (RDAP). The developed software analyzes an IEEE test case and an icebreaker ship system. System studies for the IEEE 37-node feeder without the regulator show the effect of different models and varying DG penetration related to the increase in loading. System losses and voltage deviations are compared.
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The hybrid PSOS-CGSA algorithm has demonstrated performance in solving various complex optimization problems such as distribution system state estimation, dynamic economic dispatch, and optimal power flow in distribution networks.
“Its performance in terms of simplicity, efficiency and robustness has been demonstrated in solving various complex optimization problems such as distribution system state estimation [23], dynamic economic dispatch [26], and optimal power flow in DNs [12].”
From Dynamic Optimal Power Dispatch in Unbalanced Distribution Networks with Single-Phase Solar PV Units and BESS (2023) · cites this paper as [26]
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Postigo Marcos, F., Mateo Domingo, C., Gómez San Román, T., Palmintier, B., Hodge, B.-M., Krishnan, V., De Cuadra García, F., & Mather, B. (2017) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en10111896 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Radosavljević, J., Ktena, A., Gajić, M., Milovanović, M., & Živić, J. (2023) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en16114356 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Khushalani, S., Solanki, J. M., & Schulz, N. N.
- Affiliations
- Mississippi State University (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
- Published
- 2007-08
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 1019-1025
- ISSN
- 0885-8950 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2161170912
- Cited by
- 219
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 5.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optimal Power Flow Distribution
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Microgrid Control and Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Power Quality and Harmonics
- Keywords
- distributed generation, shipboard power systems, distribution systems, DG penetration level, power losses, voltage deviation
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