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Cited by 169Optimal Power Flow DistributionPower System Optimization and StabilitySmart Grid Energy Management

Bi-level volt-var optimization to coordinate smart inverters with voltage control devices

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Jha, Rahul Ranjan, Dubey, Anamika, Liu, Chen-Ching, Schneider, Kevin P.·2019·IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
DOI 10.1109/tpwrs.2018.2890613
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Abstract

Conservation voltage reduction (CVR) uses Volt-VAR optimization (VVO) methods to reduce customer power demand by controlling feeder's voltage control devices. The objective of this paper is to present a VVO approach that controls system's legacy voltage control devices and coordinates their operation with smart inverter control. An optimal power flow (OPF) formulation is proposed by developing linear and nonlinear power flow approximations for a three-phase unbalanced electric power distribution system. A bi-level VVO approach is proposed, where Level 1 optimizes the control of legacy devices and smart inverters using a linear approximate three-phase power flow. In Level 2, the control parameters for smart inverters are adjusted to obtain an optimal and feasible solution by solving the approximate nonlinear OPF model. Level 1 is modeled as a mixed integer linear program (MILP) while Level 2 as a nonlinear program with linear objective and quadratic constraints. The proposed approach is validated using 13-bus and 123-bus three-phase IEEE test feeders and a 329-bus three-phase PNNL taxonomy feeder. The results demonstrate the applicability of the framework in achieving the CVR objective. It is demonstrated that the proposed coordinated control approach help us to reduce the feeder's power demand by reducing the bus voltages; the proposed approach maintains an average feeder voltage of 0.96 p.u. A higher energy saving is reported during the minimum load conditions. The results and approximation steps are thoroughly validated using OpenDSS.

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  • Most strategies proposed for using PV inverters to improve phase unbalance rely on centralized cooperative control.

    “Most strategies proposed for using PV inverters to improve phase unbalance rely on centralized cooperative control to solve the economic problem.”

    From Adaptive Volt–Var Control in Smart PV Inverter for Mitigating Voltage Unbalance at PCC Using Multiagent Deep Reinforcement Learning (2021) · cites this paper as [5]

    The Introduction (p. 2) and Conclusion (p. 11) describe this paper’s coordinated optimization of smart inverters and other voltage-control devices in a three-phase unbalanced system. They do not establish that most PV-inverter strategies use centralized cooperative control, or that their purpose is to improve phase unbalance; this paper’s stated objective is conservation voltage reduction. (LLM, conf=0.84)

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References 27 · Cited by 169

Research works printed but not linked: 25

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Authors
Jha, R. R., Dubey, A., Liu, C.-C., & Schneider, K. P.
Affiliations
  • Washington State University (US)
  • Battelle (US)
ORCID
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
2019-05
Volume
34
Issue
3
Pages
1801-1813
ISSN
  • 0885-8950 (ISSN-L)
  • 1558-0679
DOI
10.1109/tpwrs.2018.2890613
OpenAlex
W2908374053
Cited by
169
References
27
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 29 · 2019: 6
FWCI
8.81
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • IEEE Transactions on Power Systems (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
U.S. Department of Energy (DE-AC05-76RL01830)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optimal Power Flow Distribution
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Power System Optimization and Stability
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
Keywords
volt/var optimization, conservation voltage reduction, smart inverters, voltage control devices, bi-level optimization, optimal power flow, three-phase unbalanced distribution systems, mixed-integer linear programming

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