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A Survey on Metamorphic Testing

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Segura, Sergio, Fraser, Gordon, Sanchez, Ana B., Ruiz-Cortes, Antonio·2016·IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering

Abstract

A test oracle determines whether a test execution reveals a fault, often by comparing the observed program output to the expected output. This is not always practical, for example when a program's input-output relation is complex and difficult to capture formally. Metamorphic testing provides an alternative, where correctness is not determined by checking an individual concrete output, but by applying a transformation to a test input and observing how the program output “morphs” into a different one as a result. Since the introduction of such metamorphic relations in 1998, many contributions on metamorphic testing have been made, and the technique has seen successful applications in a variety of domains, ranging from web services to computer graphics. This article provides a comprehensive survey on metamorphic testing: It summarises the research results and application areas, and analyses common practice in empirical studies of metamorphic testing as well as the main open challenges.

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Metadata

Authors
Segura, S., Fraser, G., Sanchez, A. B., & Ruiz-Cortes, A.
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Published
2016-09-01
Volume
42
Issue
9
Pages
805-824
ISSN
  • 0098-5589 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-3520
OpenAlex
W2324595780
Cited by
563
References
5
FWCI
127.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Survey on Metamorphic Testing. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/tse.2016.2532875
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Segura, S., Fraser, G., Sanchez, A. B., & Ruiz-Cortes, A. (2016). A Survey on Metamorphic Testing. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1109/tse.2016.2532875

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