Multi-Agent Safe Policy Learning for Power Management of Networked Microgrids
Open accessAbstract
This article presents a supervised multi-agent safe policy learning (SMAS-PL) method for optimal power management of networked microgrids (MGs) in distribution systems. While unconstrained reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are black-box decision models that could fail to satisfy grid operational constraints, our proposed method considers AC power flow equations and other operational limits. Accordingly, the training process employs the gradient information of operational constraints to ensure that the optimal control policy functions generate safe and feasible decisions. Furthermore, we have developed a distributed consensus-based optimization approach to train the agents' policy functions while maintaining MGs' privacy and data ownership boundaries. After training, the learned optimal policy functions can be safely used by the MGs to dispatch their local resources, without the need to solve a complex optimization problem from scratch. Numerical experiments have been devised to verify the performance of the proposed method.
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A model-free control framework allows topology changes and promotes continuous operation of the system in faulty conditions, proving beneficial despite lower performance in dynamics and disturbances.
“A model-free control framework [81] allows topology changes and promotes continuous operation of the system in faulty conditions, proving to be beneficial despite of lower performance in terms of dynamics and disturbances.”
From Space Microgrids for Future Manned Lunar Bases: A Review (2021) · cites this paper as [81]
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Xie, J., Ajagekar, A., & You, F. (2023) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121162 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Space Microgrids for Future Manned Lunar Bases: A Review
Saha, D., Bazmohammadi, N., Raya-Armenta, J. M., Bintoudi, A. D., Lashab, A., Vasquez, J. C., & Guerrero, J. M. (2021) · IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy · doi:10.1109/oajpe.2021.3116674 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Wu, Z., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Zheng, S., & Zhao, J. (2025) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124984 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
- Authors
- Zhang, Q., Dehghanpour, K., Wang, Z., Qiu, F., & Zhao, D.
- Affiliations
- Iowa State University (US)
- Argonne National Laboratory (US)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 1048-1062
- ISSN
- 1949-3053 (ISSN-L)
- 1949-3061
- OpenAlex
- W3097422301
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 9.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy Wind Energy Technologies Office (DE-EE0008956)
- National Science Foundation Grant (ECCS 1929975)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Microgrid Control and Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Optimal Power Flow Distribution
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
- Keywords
- multi-agent reinforcement learning, networked microgrids, power management, distribution systems, operational constraints, AC power flow, privacy preservation, data ownership
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