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Real-Time Control of Battery Energy Storage Systems to Provide Ancillary Services Considering Voltage-Dependent Capability of DC-AC Converters
Open accessAbstract
Frequency response and voltage support are vital ancillary services for power grids. In this paper, we design and experimentally validate a real-time control framework for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) to provide ancillary services to power grids. The objective of the control system is to utilize the full capability of the BESSs to provide ancillary services. We take the voltage-dependent capability curve of the DC-AC converter and the security requirements of BESSs as constraints of the control system. The initial power set-points are obtained based on the droop control approach. To guarantee the feasibility of the power set-points with respect to both the converter capability and BESS security constraints, the final power set-points calculation is formulated as a nonconvex optimization problem. A convex and computationally efficient reformulation of the original control problem is then proposed. We prove that the proposed convex optimization gives the global optimal solution to the original nonconvex problem. We improve the computational performance of this algorithm by discretizing the feasible region of the optimization model. We achieve a 100 ms update time of the controller setpoint computation in the experimental validation of the utility-scale 720 kVA/560 kWh BESS on the EPFL campus.
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References 28 · Cited by 27
Research works printed but not linked: 29
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Metadata
- Authors
- Yuan, Z., Zecchino, A., Cherkaoui, R., & Paolone, M.
- Affiliations
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (CH)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid
- Published
- 2021-09
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 4164-4175
- ISSN
- 1949-3053 (ISSN-L)
- 1949-3061
- OpenAlex
- W3158826925
- Cited by
- 27
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 1.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (773406)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Control and Systems Engineering › Microgrid Control and Optimization
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Energy Engineering and Power Technology › Power Systems and Renewable Energy
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Smart Grid Energy Management
- Keywords
- battery energy storage, ancillary services, frequency response, voltage support, droop control, non-convex optimization, convex relaxation, real-time control, grid frequency regulation
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