Single-Stage Resonant Battery Charger With Inherent Power Factor Correction for Electric Vehicles
Abstract
This paper presents the study of a single-stage onboard battery charger for electric vehicle (EV) and plug-in hybrid EV (PHEV) applications. The topology had never been seen in any literature or patents but is employed in the NLG5 charger made by Brusa Elektronik AG. We thoroughly analyzed the topology and thought it would be beneficial to publish it so that advanced work can be done based on the existing structure. The charger directly transfers power from the alternating current (ac) to the battery side; thus, the bulky electrolytic capacitor in a traditional two-stage charger is eliminated. Power factor correction (PFC) is inherently achieved; thus, the control becomes very simple. In addition, all the power switches work at a zero-current switching (ZCS) condition to reduce the switching loss. The charger charges the battery with a sinusoidal-like charging current instead of a constant direct current. However, this current waveform has minimal impact on the battery life and efficiency, as demonstrated by other studies. Hence, having the advantages of high efficiency, compact size, easy control, and no need of an electrolytic capacitor, the topology is suitable for the PHEV and the pure EV onboard charging applications.
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Most commercial single-stage OBCs are used in low power levels and unidirectional application.
“Therefore, most commercial single-stage OBCs are used in low power levels and unidirectional application [136], [137].”
From A Review of Bidirectional On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles (2021) · cites this paper as [137]
Texas Instruments developed a 1.5kW bidirectional single-stage OBC in HPEV or EV.
“Texas Instruments also developed a 1.5kW bidirectional single-stage OBC in HPEV or EV [137].”
From A Review of Bidirectional On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles (2021) · cites this paper as [137]
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A Review of Bidirectional On-Board Chargers for Electric Vehicles
Yuan, J., Dorn-Gomba, L., Callegaro, A. D., Reimers, J., & Emadi, A. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3069448 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
“Therefore, most commercial single-stage OBCs are used in low power levels and unidirectional application [136], [137].”
BackgroundPraneeth, A. V. J. S., & Williamson, S. S. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification · doi:10.1109/tte.2019.2919197 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Electrolytic Capacitor-Less Single-Power-Conversion On-Board Charger With High Efficiency
Jeong, S.-G., Cha, W.-J., Lee, S.-H., Kwon, J.-M., & Kwon, B.-H. (2016) · IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics · doi:10.1109/tie.2016.2590998 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
A review on unidirectional converters for on-board chargers in electric vehicle
Vijayakumar, S., & Sudhakar, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2022.1011681 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Kim, B., Kim, H., & Choi, S. (2018) · 2018 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) · doi:10.1109/apec.2018.8341592 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Li, S., Deng, J., & Mi, C. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan–Dearborn (US)
- Northwestern Polytechnical University (CN)
- ORCID
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 4336-4344
- ISSN
- 0018-9545 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-9359
- OpenAlex
- W2085782091
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 3.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced DC-DC Converters
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Wireless Power Transfer Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies
- Keywords
- resonant converter, power factor correction, electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, zero-current switching, electrolytic capacitor elimination, battery life, charging efficiency, converter topology
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