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Cited by 2,757

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Cell-Free Massive MIMO Versus Small Cells

Open access
Ngo, Hien Quoc, Ashikhmin, Alexei, Yang, Hong, Larsson, Erik G., Marzetta, Thomas L.·2017·IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
DOI 10.1109/twc.2017.2655515
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Abstract

A Cell-Free Massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) system comprises a very large number of distributed access points (APs), which simultaneously serve a much smaller number of users over the same time/frequency resources based on directly measured channel characteristics. The APs and users have only one antenna each. The APs acquire channel state information through time-division duplex operation and the reception of uplink pilot signals transmitted by the users. The APs perform multiplexing/de-multiplexing through conjugate beamforming on the downlink and matched filtering on the uplink. Closed-form expressions for individual user uplink and downlink throughputs lead to max-min power control algorithms. Max-min power control ensures uniformly good service throughout the area of coverage. A pilot assignment algorithm helps to mitigate the effects of pilot contamination, but power control is far more important in that regard. Cell-Free Massive MIMO has considerably improved performance with respect to a conventional small-cell scheme, whereby each user is served by a dedicated AP, in terms of both 95%-likely per-user throughput and immunity to shadow fading spatial correlation. Under uncorrelated shadow fading conditions, the cell-free scheme provides nearly fivefold improvement in 95%-likely per-user throughput over the small-cell scheme, and tenfold improvement when shadow fading is correlated.

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Research works printed but not linked: 15

  1. 10.1109/ITA.2009.5044965 · doi:10.1109/ita.2009.5044965
  2. kaltenberger, 2010, Relative channel reciprocity calibration in MIMO/TDD systems, Proc Future Netw Mobile Summit, 1
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  10. 10.1109/TWC.2007.05207 · doi:10.1109/twc.2007.05207
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Metadata

Authors
Ngo, H. Q., Ashikhmin, A., Yang, H., Larsson, E. G., & Marzetta, T. L.
Venue
IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Publisher
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Published
2017-03
Volume
16
Issue
3
Pages
1834-1850
ISSN
  • 1536-1276 (ISSN-L)
  • 1558-2248
DOI
10.1109/twc.2017.2655515
OpenAlex
W2286275639
Cited by
2,757
References
29
FWCI
57.95
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green
Licence
ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html (vor)
Funders
  • Vetenskapsrådet
  • ELLIIT

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Cell-Free Massive MIMO Versus Small Cells. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1109/twc.2017.2655515
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Ngo, H. Q., Ashikhmin, A., Yang, H., Larsson, E. G., & Marzetta, T. L. (2017). Cell-Free Massive MIMO Versus Small Cells. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications. https://doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2655515

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