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Ultra-Dense LEO Satellite Constellations: How Many LEO Satellites Do We Need?
Abstract
Recently, the ultra-dense low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation over high-frequency band has served as a potential solution for high-capacity backhaul data services. In this paper, we consider an ultra-dense LEO-based terrestrial-satellite network where terrestrial users can access the network through the LEO-assisted backhaul. We aim to minimize the number of satellites in the constellation while satisfying the backhaul requirement of each user terminal (UT). We first derive the average total backhaul capacity of each UT, based on which a three-dimensional constellation optimization algorithm is proposed to minimize the number of satellites in the constellation. Simulation results verify our theoretical capacity analysis and show that for any given coverage ratio requirement, the corresponding optimized LEO satellite constellation can be obtained by the proposed three-dimensional constellation optimization algorithm. Given the same number of deployed LEO satellites, the average coverage ratio of the proposed LEO satellite constellation is at least 10 percentage points higher than that of Telesat constellation.
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LEO satellites enhance overall system reliability.
“enhance overall system reliability11”
From The optimization of low Earth orbit satellite constellation visibility with genetic algorithm for improved navigation potential (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
LEO satellites accelerate Precise Point Positioning (PPP) convergence.
“accelerate Precise Point Positioning (PPP) convergence”
From The optimization of low Earth orbit satellite constellation visibility with genetic algorithm for improved navigation potential (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
LEO satellites improve positioning accuracy.
“These factors improve positioning accuracy”
From The optimization of low Earth orbit satellite constellation visibility with genetic algorithm for improved navigation potential (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
The closer proximity of LEO satellites to Earth provides stronger signal reception and shorter transmission delays.
“Additionally, the closer proximity of LEO satellites to Earth provides stronger signal reception and shorter transmission delays.”
From The optimization of low Earth orbit satellite constellation visibility with genetic algorithm for improved navigation potential (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Qin, C., Gao, Y., & Wang, Y. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-16815-7 · Cited by 9
Metadata
- Authors
- Deng, R., Di, B., Zhang, H., Kuang, L., & Song, L.
- Affiliations
- Peking University (CN)
- Princeton University (US)
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (CN)
- Venue
- IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
- Published
- 2021-08
- Volume
- 20
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 4843-4857
- ISSN
- 1536-1276 (ISSN-L)
- 1558-2248
- OpenAlex
- W3134916744
- Cited by
- 218
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 43 · 2025: 61 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 14.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFB1804800)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (61625101, 61829101, 61941101, 61911540076)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Satellite Communication Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Space Satellite Systems and Control
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Spacecraft Design and Technology
- Keywords
- low Earth orbit satellites, satellite backhaul, backhaul capacity, satellite constellation optimization, coverage rate, high-frequency band
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