The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Evidence from Patents and Patent Citations on the Impact of NASA and Other Federal Labs on Commercial Innovation
Abstract
Federal lab commercialization is explored: (1) by analyzing US government patents and (2) in a qualitative analysis of one NASA lab’s patents. Tests apply to three distinct sets of patents, 1963–94: NASA, all other US government, and a random sample of all US inventors’ patents. The federal patenting rate plummeted in the 1970s. Consistent with increasing commercialization, both NASA’s and other federal agencies’ rates recovered in the 1980s. The case study finds citations to be a valid but noisy measure of technology spillovers. Excluding ‘spurious’ cites, two‐thirds of cites to patents of NASA‐Lewis’ Electro‐Physics Branch were evaluated as involving spillovers.
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Citations
Cited by
Beyond local search: boundary‐spanning, exploration, and impact in the optical disk industry
Rosenkopf, L., & Nerkar, A. (2001) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.160 · Cited by 2,610
Is public R&D a complement or substitute for private R&D? A review of the econometric evidence
David, P. A., Hall, B. H., & Toole, A. A. (2000) · Research Policy · doi:10.1016/s0048-7333(99)00087-6 · Cited by 1,634
Citation Frequency and the Value of Patented Inventions
Harhoff, D., Narin, F., Scherer, F. M., & Vopel, K. (1999) · Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/003465399558265 · Cited by 1,516
Putting Patents in Context: Exploring Knowledge Transfer from MIT
Agrawal, A., & Henderson, R. (2002) · Management Science · doi:10.1287/mnsc.48.1.44.14279 · Cited by 1,017
Are Firms Superior to Alliances and Markets? An Empirical Test of Cross-Border Knowledge Building
Almeida, P., Song, J., & Grant, R. M. (2002) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.13.2.147.534 · Cited by 442
Metadata
- Authors
- Jaffe, A. B., Fogarty, M. S., & Banks, B. A.
- Venue
- The Journal of Industrial Economics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1998-06
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 183-205
- ISSN
- 0022-1821 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-6451
- OpenAlex
- W1529415909
- Cited by
- 357
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 19.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Evidence from Patents and Patent Citations on the Impact of NASA and Other Federal Labs on Commercial Innovation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/1467-6451.00068
- The paper
- Jaffe, A. B., Fogarty, M. S., & Banks, B. A. (1998). Evidence from Patents and Patent Citations on the Impact of NASA and Other Federal Labs on Commercial Innovation. The Journal of Industrial Economics. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6451.00068
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
