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Indigenous wealth and development: micro‐credit schemes in Tonga
Abstract
‘Women in Development’ aid–funded credit schemes in the Kingdom of Tonga were designated as ‘failures’ by the funders because the recipient groups of textile producers, who were meant to be engaging in commercial handicraft production as development, were instead making and seemingly ‘retaining’ textile koloa (indigenous wealth). It is my contention that rather than making low–valued, low–priced textiles for tourist consumption the women made koloa textiles for the Tongan ceremonial economy where a greater range of ideological, spiritual and material gains including cash were available to them. Even though the default rate on the loans was low, and the women were engaged in a Tongan notion of development known as fakalakalaka, the funders and the critics of the schemes were either unable to or would not recognise development taking place, so driven by macroeconomic indices were their criteria and assessment. This paper looks at the implications of this disjuncture and the funders’ lack of understanding (and/or rejection) of indigenous global economic systems and hybrid notions of development inherent in the women textile producers’ actions. It explores a contemporary reality where indigenous wealth is thriving in the global economy, contributes to the literature on hybrid economic systems and challenges macroeconomically driven development policy in the Pacific.
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In the citing paper
“In fact, valuable production and circulation figure prominently in a quintessentially Tongan understanding of development ( fakalakalaka ), to the dismay of aid agencies (Horan 2002 ).”
From When gifts become commodities: pawnshops, valuables, and shame in Tonga and the Tongan diaspora (2008) · cites this paper as Horan 2002
In the citing paper
“Both handicraft and koloa production are viewed as rural manual labour, but, given a choice, women choose making koloa over handicrafts (Horan 2002 ).”
From When gifts become commodities: pawnshops, valuables, and shame in Tonga and the Tongan diaspora (2008) · cites this paper as Horan 2002
Citations
Cited by
McKenzie, D. J., Gibson, J. K., & Stillman, S. (2012) · Journal of Development Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jdeveco.2012.01.001 · Cited by 218
Globalisation and Governance in the Pacific Islands
Firth, S. (2006) · ANU Press eBooks · doi:10.22459/ggpi.12.2006 · Cited by 131
Doing “Business” in Papua New Guinea: The Social Embeddedness of Small Business Enterprises
Curry, G. (2005) · Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1080/08276331.2005.10593343 · Cited by 69
“For examples from Tonga, see Horan (2002) and James (2002).”
Curry, G., Koczberski, G., Lummani, J., Nailina, R., Peter, E., McNally, G., & Kuaimba, O. (2015) · Global Environmental Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.07.012 · Cited by 63
“Land tenure arrangements, investment decisions and incentives to produce agricultural commodities are shaped by a host of considerations in addition to market imperatives like profit (e.g. Carrier and Carrier, 1989; Banks, 1999; Curry, 1999, 2003; Goddard, 2000; Imbun, 2000; Horan, 2002; Van der Grijp, 2004; Sahlins,…”
BackgroundWhen gifts become commodities: pawnshops, valuables, and shame in Tonga and the Tongan diaspora
Addo, P., & Besnier, N. (2008) · Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2007.00477.x · Cited by 58
Introduction: enacting modernity in the Pacific?
Curry, G., Koczberski, G., & Connell, J. (2012) · Australian Geographer · doi:10.1080/00049182.2012.682291 · Cited by 29
“Terms such as entanglement, hybridisation, syncretism, multiple modernities, alternative modernities, and cultural appropriation have been used to refer to this complex weaving together of old and new, tradition and modernity, indigenous and foreign and non-market and market (LiPuma 2000 ; Evans 2001 ; Horan 2002 ; Ja…”
MethodScheyvens, R. A., Banks, G., Vunibola, S., Steven, H., & Meo‐Sewabu, L. (2020) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2020.03.012 · Cited by 41
Repopulating Development: An Agent-Based Approach to Studying Development Interventions
Beck, E. (2015) · World Development · doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2015.11.019 · Cited by 38
Indigenous enterprise on customary lands: Diverse economies of surplus
Vunibola, S., Steven, H., & Scobie, M. (2022) · Asia Pacific Viewpoint · doi:10.1111/apv.12326 · Cited by 19
Addo, P. (2017) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc7030020 · Cited by 21
“In a study of how women’s cooperatives in the Kingdom of Tonga used international aid money to do “development”, Horan [43] revealed that lenders had a lot to learn about how the women defined value in a modern vein.”
BackgroundMigration, Dependency and Inequality in the Pacific: Old Wine in Bigger Bottles? (Part 2)
Connell, J. (2006) · ANU Press eBooks · doi:10.22459/ggpi.12.2006.05 · Cited by 14
God's Brideprice: laissez faire religion, and the fear of being left behind in Papua New Guinea
Sullivan, N. (2007) · eVols (University of Hawaii) · Cited by 4
(2003) · Current Anthropology · doi:10.1086/379257
Metadata
- Authors
- Horan, J. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Corresponding author
- Horan, Jane C.
- Venue
- Asia Pacific Viewpoint
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 205-221
- ISSN
- 0030-8978 (ISSN-L)
- 1360-7456
- 1467-8373
- OpenAlex
- W2114416864
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Asia Pacific Viewpoint (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Microfinance and Financial Inclusion
- Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Island Studies and Pacific Affairs
- Social Sciences › Development › Development, Ethics, and Society
- Keywords
- microcredit, women in development, development policy, textile crafts, macroeconomic indicators
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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