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Cited by 393

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Guilt in Young Children: Development, Determinants, and Relations with a Broader System of Standards

Kochanska, Grazyna, Gross, Jami N, Lin, Mei-Hua, Nichols, Kate E·2002·Child Development

Abstract

In this comprehensive study of the early development of guilt, 106 children were observed in laboratory paradigms in which they were led to believe that they had damaged valuable objects, during two separate sessions at each of the assessments at 22, 33, and 45 months. The behavioral and affective components of guilt cohered significantly across the sessions, converged with each other, were stable across all the assessments, and corresponded modestly with maternal reports. Most components decreased with age, except for bodily tension, which increased. At 33 and 45 months, girls displayed more guilt than did boys. Children who were more fearful in typical fear-inducing paradigms also displayed more guilt. Children of mothers who relied on more power-assertive discipline, observed and self-reported, displayed less guilt. Guilt related positively to the development of self at 18 months and to moral self at 56 months. Children who displayed more guilt were less likely to violate rules of conduct at 56 months. A mediational model was supported: Fearful temperament contributed to guilt proneness, which in turn served to inhibit children’s tendency to violate rules.

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Metadata

Authors
Kochanska, G., Gross, J. N., Lin, M.-H., & Nichols, K. E.
Venue
Child Development
Published
2002-03-01
Volume
73
Issue
2
Pages
461-482
ISSN
  • 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
  • 1467-8624
OpenAlex
W1975068169
Cited by
393
References
49
FWCI
12.98
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Guilt in Young Children: Development, Determinants, and Relations with a Broader System of Standards. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/1467-8624.00418
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Kochanska, G., Gross, J. N., Lin, M.-H., & Nichols, K. E. (2002). Guilt in Young Children: Development, Determinants, and Relations with a Broader System of Standards. Child Development. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00418

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