The finger in flight: real-time motor control by visually masked color stimuli
Abstract
Current theories of dual visual systems suggest that color is processed in a ventral cortical stream that eventually gives rise to visual awareness but is only indirectly involved in visuomotor control mediated by the dorsal stream. If the dorsal stream is indeed less sensitive to color than the ventral stream, color stimuli blocked from awareness by visual masking should also be blocked from guiding fast motor responses. In this study, pointing movements to one of two isoluminant color targets were preceded by consistent or inconsistent color primes. Trajectories were strongly affected by priming, with kinematics implying a continuous flow of color information into executive brain areas while the finger was already moving. Motor effects were more sensitive to color of the primes than were deliberate attempts to identify the primes in forced-choice tasks based on visual awareness. Priming was observed even when masking was complete.
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Recoding RT data of the mask discrimination task as accuracy using the median-split technique allowed direct testing of prime discrimination and priming effect within the same scale and statistical test.
“we recoded the RT data of the mask discrimination task as accuracy using the median-split technique”
From Evidence for unconscious priming using a Bayesian single-subject approach (2026) · cites this paper as Schmidt 2002
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Different time courses for visual perception and action priming
Vorberg, D., Mattler, U., Heinecke, A., Schmidt, T., & Schwarzbach, J. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0931489100 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Self-citationEvidence for unconscious priming using a Bayesian single-subject approach
Sánchez-Fuenzalida, N., van Gaal, S., van den Hurk, Z., Stein, T., & Fahrenfort, J. J. (2026) · Neuroscience of Consciousness · doi:10.1093/nc/niag052
- Authors
- Schmidt, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Schmidt, Thomas
- ORCID
- Schmidt, Thomas
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 112-118
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2103221247
- Cited by
- 170
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- GRO (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- visual masking, color priming, visuomotor control, dorsal stream, ventral stream, real-time motor control, pointing movements, finger kinematics, visual awareness, color perception
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Awareness, Female, Humans, Male, Orientation, Parietal Lobe, Pattern Recognition, Visual, Perceptual Masking, Psychomotor Performance, Psychophysics, Reaction Time, Temporal Lobe, Visual Cortex, Visual Pathways
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