Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 655

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

The costs and benefits of eastern enlargement: the impact on the EU and central Europe

Open access
Baldwin, Richard E., Francois, Joseph F., Portes, Richard·1997·Economic Policy

Abstract

The costs and benefits of eastern enlargement: the impact on the EU and central Europe Get access Richard E. Baldwin, Richard E. Baldwin Graduate Institute of International Studies, University of Geneva and CEPR; Erasmus University Rotterdam, WTO and CEPR; London Business School and CEPR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Joseph F. Francois, Joseph F. Francois Graduate Institute of International Studies, University of Geneva and CEPR; Erasmus University Rotterdam, WTO and CEPR; London Business School and CEPR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Richard Portes Richard Portes Graduate Institute of International Studies, University of Geneva and CEPR; Erasmus University Rotterdam, WTO and CEPR; London Business School and CEPR Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Economic Policy, Volume 12, Issue 24, 1 April 1997, Pages 125–176, https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0327.00018 Published: 21 November 2014

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/1468-0327.00018

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cited by

See all 655

Metadata

Authors
Baldwin, R. E., Francois, J. F., & Portes, R.
Venue
Economic Policy
Published
1997-04
Volume
12
Issue
24
Pages
125-176
ISSN
  • 0266-4658
  • 1468-0327
OpenAlex
W3121248382
Cited by
655
References
0
FWCI
142.50
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The costs and benefits of eastern enlargement: the impact on the EU and central Europe. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/1468-0327.00018
The paper
Baldwin, R. E., Francois, J. F., & Portes, R. (1997). The costs and benefits of eastern enlargement: the impact on the EU and central Europe. Economic Policy. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0327.00018

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.