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Responding to COVID‐19: International nonprofits' stakeholder channels, resource pressures and governance responses
Open accessAbstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) health crisis imposes severe pressures on nonprofit organizations, which must be resilient to respond effectively to extreme environmental tensions. We combined resource dependence theory with stakeholder theory to frame to what extent nonprofits experienced resource pressures through various stakeholder channels and the nonprofit governance responses. We empirically investigated international medical research and education nonprofits during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our results indicate resource decreases in nearly all stakeholder channels. In response, nonprofit boards increased activity levels by mainly focusing on adapting organizational offerings and increasing support to the organization. Managerial executives also increased their activity levels, by focusing on safeguarding financial stability, planning and adapting operations to confinement measures.
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“Public funding is often stopped or interrupted unexpectedly for many reasons, causing changes to HSO human and administrative resources, while limiting spending and adversely impacting community groups through unplanned service cutbacks (Kim & Mason, 2020; Willems et al., 2022).”
From Understanding Government-Nonprofit Funding Agreements in Human Service Organizations Using Resource Dependence Theory and Organizational Legitimacy (2026) · cites this paper as Willems et al., 2022
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Turpin, A., & Shier, M. (2026) · Journal of Public and Nonprofit Affairs · doi:10.20899/jpna.far2t327
Metadata
- Authors
- Willems, E. L., Van Puyvelde, S., Jegers, M., & Raeymaeckers, P.
- Affiliations
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (BE)
- Department of Applied Economics Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
- University of Antwerp (BE)
- Corresponding author
- Willems, Emma L.
- Venue
- Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-06-24
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 270-280
- ISSN
- 0966-0879 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-5973
- PMC
- PMC9349807
- OpenAlex
- W4283454510
- Cited by
- 11
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 3.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Nonprofit Sector and Volunteering
- Social Sciences › Communication › Public Relations and Crisis Communication
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Disaster Management and Resilience
- Keywords
- COVID-19 pandemic, nonprofit governance, resource dependence theory, stakeholder theory, resource pressure, nonprofit boards, financial stability, organizational adaptation
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- Willems, E. L., Van Puyvelde, S., Jegers, M., & Raeymaeckers, P. (2022). Responding to COVID‐19: International nonprofits' stakeholder channels, resource pressures and governance responses. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5973.12421
