Cited by 362Language Development and DisordersReading and Literacy DevelopmentDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

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Young adult academic outcomes in a longitudinal sample of early identified language impaired and control children

Young, Arlene R., Beitchman, Joseph H., Johnson, Carla, Douglas, Lori, Atkinson, Leslie, Escobar, Michael, Wilson, Beth·2002·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry

DOI 10.1111/1469-7610.00052

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Abstract

Background: The long‐term academic consequences of childhood language impairment are both theoretically and clinically important. An unbiased appraisal of these outcomes, however, requires carefully designed, longitudinal research. Method: A group of children first identified as having speech and/or language impairment in a community‐based, longitudinal study at 5 years of age and matched controls were re‐examined during young adulthood (age 19). A comprehensive battery of speech and language, cognitive and achievement tests, psychiatric interviews, and questionnaires were completed by subjects, their parents and teachers. Results: While children with early speech problems showed only a few academic differences from controls in young adulthood, early language impaired (LI) young adults lagged significantly behind controls in all areas of academic achievement, even after controlling for intelligence. Further, rates of learning disabilities (LD) were significantly higher in the LI group than both the controls and community base rates. Concurrent individual difference variables, including phonological awareness, naming speed for digits, non‐verbal IQ, verbal working memory, and executive function, all contributed unique variance to achievement in specific areas. Conclusion: Early LI rather than speech impairment is clearly associated with continued academic difficulties into adulthood. These results speak to the need for intensive, early intervention for LI youngsters.

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Authors: Young, A. R., Beitchman, J. H., Johnson, C., Douglas, L., Atkinson, L., Escobar, M., & Wilson, B.
Affiliations: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
Corresponding author: Young, Arlene R.
ORCID: Johnson, Carla
Atkinson, Leslie
Escobar, Michael
Venue: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2002-05-28
Volume: 43
Issue: 5
Pages: 635-645
ISSN: 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
1469-7610
DOI: 10.1111/1469-7610.00052
OpenAlex: W2156455497
Cited by: 362
References: 64
Citations by year: 2026: 14 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 12.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Health Canada
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords: language impairment, speech disorders, academic performance, young adults, learning disabilities, early intervention, phonological awareness, verbal working memory, executive function, non-verbal IQ, longitudinal follow-up
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Language Development Disorders, Language Tests, Learning Disabilities, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Speech Production Measurement, Early Intervention, Educational

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Young adult academic outcomes in a longitudinal sample of early identified language impaired and control children

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