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Sleep and Alertness in Children with ADHD
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate sleep and alertness and to investigate the presence of possible underlying sleep/wake disorders in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: After 3 nights of adaptation in a room reserved for sleep studies in the department of child psychiatry, children underwent polysomnography (PSG) followed by the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) and reaction time tests (RT) during the daytime. Thirty boys diagnosed as having ADHD (DSM‐IV), aged between 5 and 10 years, and 22 ageand sex‐matched controls participated in the study. All children were medication‐free and showed no clinical signs of sleep and alertness problems. Results: No significant differences in sleep variables were found between boys with ADHD and controls. The mean latency period was shorter in children with ADHD. Significant differences were found for MSLT 1, 2 and 3 ( p < .05). Mean reaction time was longer in children with ADHD, with significant differences in all tests ( p < .05). Number and duration of sleep onsets measured by the MSLT correlated significantly with the hyperactivity‐impulsivity and inattentive‐passivity ndices of the CTRS and CPRS. Conclusion: Children with ADHD were more sleepy during the day, as shown by the MSLT, and they had longer reaction times. These differences are not due to alteration in the quality of nocturnal sleep. The number of daytime sleep onsets and the rapidity of sleep‐onsets measured as MSLT were found to be pertinent physiological indices to discriminate between ADHD subtypes. These results suggest that children with ADHD have a deficit in alertness. Whether this deficit is primary or not requires further studies.
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“an additional dose of a short-acting stimulant, or the use of a formulation with an increased duration of action, may prevent sleep disturbances resulting from worsening of hyperactivity or behavioral difficulties at bedtime (Cortese et al. 2013a, b; Lecendreux et al. 2000).”
From Associations of sleep disturbance with ADHD: implications for treatment (2015) · cites this paper as Lecendreux et al. 2000
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Sleep and mental disorders: a meta-analysis of polysomnographic research
Baglioni, C., Nanovska, S., Regen, W., Spiegelhalder, K., Feige, B., Nissen, C., Reynolds, C. F., & Riemann, D. (2016) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000053 · Cited by 1,074
Cortese, S., Faraone, S. V., Konofal, E., & Lecendreux, M. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e3181ac09c9 · Cited by 637
Self-citationO'Brien, L. M., Holbrook, C. R., Mervis, C. Β., Klaus, C. J., Bruner, J. L., Raffield, T. J., Rutherford, J., Mehl, R. C., Wang, M., Tuell, A., et al. (2003) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.111.3.554 · Cited by 545
Sleepiness in children and adolescents: clinical implications
Fallone, G., Owens, J. A., & Deane, J. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2001.0192 · Cited by 536
The Clinical Use of the MSLT and MWT
Arand, D. L., Bonnet, M. H., Hurwitz, T. D., Mitler, M. M., Rosa, R. R., & Sangal, R. B. (2005) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.1.123 · Cited by 388
Metadata
- Authors
- Lecendreux, M., Konofal, E., Bouvard, M., Falissard, B., & Mouren‐Siméoni, M.
- Affiliations
- Hôpital Robert-Debré (FR)
- Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens (FR)
- Hôpital Paul-Brousse (FR)
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2000-09
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 803-812
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2115025001
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 4.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, sleep, daytime alertness, multiple sleep latency test, reaction time, sleep latency, daytime sleepiness, ADHD subtypes, hyperactivity/impulsivity, children
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Child, Preschool, Humans, Methylphenidate, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Reaction Time, Severity of Illness Index, Sleep, REM, Wakefulness
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