Impact of a premature menopause on cognitive function in later life
Abstract
Objective To determine whether premature menopause (≤40 years) can have long-lasting effects on later-life cognition and investigate whether this association varies depending on the type of menopause and use of hormone treatment (HT). Design Population-based cohort study. Setting The French Three-City Study. Population Four thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight women aged at least 65 years. Methods Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models were used to determine the association between age at menopause, type of menopause (surgical, natural), and the use of menopausal HT and later-life cognitive function. Main outcome measures Performance on a cognitive test battery (at baseline and over 7 years) and clinical dementia diagnosis. Results Menopause at or before the age of 40 years, both premature bilateral ovariectomy and premature ovarian failure (non-surgical loss of ovarian function), was associated with worse verbal fluency (OR 1.56, 95%CI 1.12-1.87, P=0.004) and visual memory (OR 1.39, 95%CI 1.09-1.77, P=0.007) in later life. HT at the time of premature menopause appeared beneficial for later-life visual memory but increased the risk of poor verbal fluency. Type of menopause was not significantly associated with cognitive function. Premature menopause was associated with a 30% increased risk of decline in psychomotor speed and global cognitive function over 7 years. Conclusion Both premature surgical menopause and premature ovarian failure were associated with long…
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Undergoing surgical menopause is possibly associated with increased dementia risk.
“However, undergoing surgical menopause is associated with increased risk of cognitive complaints, cognitive performance declines, and possibly increased dementia risk, particularly if surgery occurs before age 40 or natural menopause [2–7].”
From Treating new-onset cognitive complaints after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy: A randomized controlled crossover trial of lisdexamfetamine (2024) · cites this paper as [4]
Undergoing surgical menopause is associated with increased risk of cognitive complaints and cognitive performance declines, particularly if surgery occurs before age 40 or natural menopause.
“However, undergoing surgical menopause is associated with increased risk of cognitive complaints, cognitive performance declines, and possibly increased dementia risk, particularly if surgery occurs before age 40 or natural menopause [2–7].”
From Treating new-onset cognitive complaints after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy: A randomized controlled crossover trial of lisdexamfetamine (2024) · cites this paper as [4]
For those without contraindications who undergo RRSO before age 45, estradiol must be initiated soon after surgery to obtain optimal protection against cognitive concerns.
“Moreover, for those without contraindications who undergo RRSO before age 45, estradiol must be initiated soon after surgery to obtain the optimal protection against cognitive concerns, and studies indicate that estradiol therapy is only partially protective against several domains of cognitive decline [2,4,12,13].”
From Treating new-onset cognitive complaints after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy: A randomized controlled crossover trial of lisdexamfetamine (2024) · cites this paper as [4]
Estradiol therapy is only partially protective against several domains of cognitive decline.
“Moreover, for those without contraindications who undergo RRSO before age 45, estradiol must be initiated soon after surgery to obtain the optimal protection against cognitive concerns, and studies indicate that estradiol therapy is only partially protective against several domains of cognitive decline [2,4,12,13].”
From Treating new-onset cognitive complaints after risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy: A randomized controlled crossover trial of lisdexamfetamine (2024) · cites this paper as [4]
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- Authors
- Ryan, J., Scali, J., Carrière, I., Amieva, H., Rouaud, O., Berr, C., Ritchie, K., & Ancelin, M.
- Affiliations
- Inserm (FR)
- CHU Dijon Bourgogne (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Ryan, J
- Venue
- BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-05-07
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1729-1739
- ISSN
- 0306-5456 (ISSN-L)
- 1470-0328
- 1471-0528
- OpenAlex
- W1978663099
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 10
- FWCI
- 8.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR 2007-LIVE-004 and 06-PNRA-005)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cancer-related cognitive impairment studies
- Keywords
- premature menopause, cognitive function, later-life cognition, hormone therapy, surgical menopause, ovariectomy, premature ovarian failure, verbal fluency, visual memory, dementia, cognitive decline, psychomotor speed, older women
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cognition, Dementia, Estradiol, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Menopause, Menopause, Premature, Neuropsychological Tests, Ovariectomy, Psychomotor Performance, Risk Factors, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models, Primary Ovarian Insufficiency, Transdermal Patch
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