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Quantitative Microbiology of the Scalp in Non-Dandruff, Dandruff, and Seborrheic Dermatitis
Open accessAbstract
The composition of the scalp microflora was assessed quantitatively in normal individuals and in patients with dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis, disorders characterized by increasing scaling. Three organisms were constantly found: (1) Pityrosporum, (2) aerobic cocci, and (3) Corynebacterium acnes. Pityrosporum (mainly Pityrosporum ovale) made up 46% of the total microflora in normals, 74% in dandruff, and 83% in seborvheic dermatitis. The geometric mean number of organisms per cm-2 in non-dandruff subjects was 5.04 times 10-5; 9.22 times 10-5 in dandruff subjects; and 6.45 times 10-5 in those with seborrheic dermatitis. The cocci were dominantly Baird-Parker type SII and no quantitative or qualitative change occurred in the scaling disorders. C. acnes comprised 26% of the flora on the normal scalp, 6% in dandruff, and only 1% in seborrheic dermatitis. These results differ significantly from previous reports which describe a much more complex microflora and suggest an etiologic role for microorganisms in dandruff.
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Higher numbers of Malassezia (M. globosa and M. restricta) correlate with SD appearance/severity.
“Studies have detected Malassezia on the scalp of dandruff patients [45,48], and higher numbers of Malassezia (M. globosa and M. restricta) correlate with SD appearance/severity [4,49,50].”
From Seborrheic Dermatitis and Dandruff: A Comprehensive Review (2015) · cites this paper as [50]
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Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Malassez, 1874, Note sur la champignon de la pilade, Arch Physiol Norm Pathol, 1, 203
- Kligman, 1974, Appraisal of efficacy of anti-dandruff formulations, J Soc Cosmet Chem, 25, 73
- Williamson, 1965, A new method for the quantitative investigation of cutaneous bacteria, J Invest Dermatol, 45, 498, 10.1038/jid.1965.164 · DOI
- Marples, 1974, Corynebacterium acnes and other anaerobic diphtheroids from human skin, J Med Microbiol, 7, 349, 10.1099/00222615-7-3-349 · DOI
- Izumi, 1970, Bacteriology of pustular acne, J Invest Dermatol, 54, 252, 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12280330 · DOI
- McGinley, 1969, A new method for visualizing and quantitating the desquamating portion of the human stratum corneum, J Invest Dermatol, 53, 107, 10.1038/jid.1969.115 · DOI
- Kligman A.M, McGinley K.J, Leyden J.J: The nature of dandruff. J Soc Cosmet Chem (in press)
- Leyden, 1974, Staphylococcus aureus in the lesions of atopic dermatitis, Br J Dermatol, 90, 525, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1974.tb06447.x · DOI
- Marples, 1973, Staphylococcus aureus in psoriasis, Arch Dermatol, 107, 568, 10.1001/archderm.1973.01620190044010 · DOI
- Roia, 1969, Resident microbial flora of the human scalp and its relationship to dandruff, J Soc Cosmet Chem, 20, 113
- Roberts, 1969, Pityrosporum orbiculare: incidence and distribution on clinically normal skin, Br J Dermatol, 81, 264, 10.1111/j.1365-2133.1969.tb13978.x · DOI
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Seborrheic Dermatitis and Dandruff: A Comprehensive Review
(2015) · Journal of Clinical and Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.13188/2373-1044.1000019 · Cited by 398
Turner, G. A., Matheson, J. R., Li, G. ‐., Fei, X. ‐., Zhu, D., & Baines, F. L. (2013) · International Journal of Cosmetic Science · doi:10.1111/ics.12007 · Cited by 43
Metadata
- Authors
- McGinley, K. J., Leyden, J. J., Marples, R. R., Path, M. R. C., & Kligman, A. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1975-06
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 401-405
- ISSN
- 0022-202X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1964020942
- Cited by
- 233
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 6.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Investigative Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Nail Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Dermatological diseases and infestations
- Keywords
- dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, Pityrosporum ovale, Corynebacterium acnes, skin scaling
- MeSH terms
- Bacteria, Bacteriological Techniques, Catalase, Coagulase, Detergents, Female, Humans, Malassezia, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Propionibacterium acnes, Scalp, Scalp Dermatoses, Dermatitis, Seborrheic, Staphylococcus aureus, Yeasts, Apicomplexa
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