The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Review of IPO Activity, Pricing, and Allocations
Abstract
We review the theory and evidence on IPO activity: why firms go public, why they reward first‐day investors with considerable underpricing, and how IPOs perform in the long run. Our perspective is threefold: First, we believe that many IPO phenomena are not stationary. Second, we believe research into share allocation issues is the most promising area of research in IPOs at the moment. Third, we argue that asymmetric information is not the primary driver of many IPO phenomena. Instead, we believe future progress in the literature will come from nonrational and agency conflict explanations. We describe some promising such alternatives.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1979) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1914185 · Cited by 48,524
Common risk factors in the returns on stocks and bonds
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1993) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(93)90023-5 · Cited by 25,754
The Market for "Lemons": Quality Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism
Akerlof, G. A. (1970) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.2307/1879431 · Cited by 23,016
Corporate financing and investment decisions when firms have information that investors do not have
Myers, S. C., & Majluf, N. S. (1984) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/0304-405x(84)90023-0 · Cited by 18,957
Improved Methods for Tests of Long‐Run Abnormal Stock Returns
Lyon, J. D., Barber, B. M., & Tsai, C. (1999) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/0022-1082.00101 · Cited by 1,828
Stabilization, syndication and pricing of IPOs
Chowdhry, B., & Nanda, V. (1996) · The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis · doi:10.2307/2331385 · Cited by 177
Cited by
Initial Public Offerings: An Analysis of Theory and Practice
BRAU, J. C., & FAWCETT, S. E. (2006) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2006.00840.x · Cited by 837
Doidge, C., Karolyi, G. A., & Stulz, R. M. (2017) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2016.12.002 · Cited by 380
DEMERS, E., & JOOS, P. (2007) · Journal of Accounting Research · doi:10.1111/j.1475-679x.2007.00236.x · Cited by 196
Stock market development and internationalization: Do economic fundamentals spur both similarly?
Claessens, S., Klingebiel, D., & Schmukler, S. L. (2006) · Journal of Empirical Finance · doi:10.1016/j.jempfin.2006.03.002 · Cited by 127
Metadata
- Authors
- Ritter, J. R., & Welch, I.
- Venue
- The Journal of Finance
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-08
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1795-1828
- ISSN
- 0022-1082 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-6261
- OpenAlex
- W3122367063
- Cited by
- 2,408
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 266.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Review of IPO Activity, Pricing, and Allocations. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1111/1540-6261.00478
- The paper
- Ritter, J. R., & Welch, I. (2002). A Review of IPO Activity, Pricing, and Allocations. The Journal of Finance. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-6261.00478
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.