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Cited by 38Hormonal and reproductive studiesHypothalamic control of reproductive hormonesSperm and Testicular Function

Characterising the safety of clomiphene citrate in male patients through prostate‐specific antigen, haematocrit, and testosterone levels

Chandrapal, Jason C., Nielson, Spencer, Patel, Darshan P., Zhang, Chong, Presson, Angela P., Brant, William O., Myers, Jeremy B., Hotaling, James M.·2016·BJU International
DOI 10.1111/bju.13546
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Abstract

Objective To determine the safety profile of clomiphene citrate (CC) in men being treated for hypogonadism or infertility by measuring prostate-specific antigen (PSA), haematocrit (Hct), and testosterone levels. Patients and methods We identified patients presenting to our institution who were placed on CC, 50 mg every day or every other day, for male infertility and/or symptomatic hypoandrogenism between September 2013 and April 2016. Patients with documented exogenous testosterone, human chorionic gonadotrophin, or anastrozole use within 2 weeks of baseline evaluations were excluded. Our primary outcomes were the effects of CC on PSA, Hct, and total testosterone levels evaluated at the 3, 6, 9, or 12 months of follow-up. Outcomes were averaged within patients across visits and summarised by mean, median, range, standard deviation (SD) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) for the mean. Results A total of 77 patients had recorded PSA, Hct, and/or testosterone values. The mean (SD, range) age and body mass index was 34 (6, 22-51) years and 31 (6, 22-52) kg/m 2 , respectively. The mean (SD) follow-up was 358 (29) days. Within this group, CC concentration was changed in 24 patients (31%) and was discontinued in 24 patients (31%). The median (range) duration of CC therapy before discontinuation was 127 (44-161) days. The use of CC significantly raised both mean total and bioavailable testosterone levels by 200 ng/dL and 126 ng/dL, respectively (P Conclusions As more men are place…

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  • Multiple studies have shown that clomiphene citrate effectively raises testosterone to eugonadal levels in men with testosterone deficiency.

    “CC has long been used as a treatment to restore testosterone levels and promote or preserve spermatogenesis in men with testosterone deficiency desiring to preserve fertility, and multiple studies have shown that CC effectively raises testosterone to eugonadal levels (50-56).”

    From Non-testosterone management of male hypogonadism: an examination of the existing literature (2020) · cites this paper as [55]

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Authors
Chandrapal, J. C., Nielson, S., Patel, D. P., Zhang, C., Presson, A. P., Brant, W. O., Myers, J. B., & Hotaling, J. M.
Affiliations
University of Utah (US)
Corresponding author
Chandrapal, Jason C.
ORCID
Venue
BJU International
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2016-06-24
Volume
118
Issue
6
Pages
994-1000
ISSN
  • 1464-4096 (ISSN-L)
  • 1464-410X
DOI
10.1111/bju.13546
OpenAlex
W2465018345
Cited by
38
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6
FWCI
3.68
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations
  • British Journal of Urology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
American Medical Systems, Inc., Minnetonka, MN, USA
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
Keywords
clomiphene citrate, male infertility, hypogonadism, testosterone, prostate-specific antigen, hematocrit, drug safety, androgen deficiency, adverse drug reactions, laboratory monitoring
MeSH terms
Adult, Clomiphene, Estrogen Antagonists, Hematocrit, Humans, Hypogonadism, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Testosterone, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Young Adult

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