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Cited by 44Epigenetics and DNA MethylationPlant Molecular Biology ResearchPlant Stress Responses and Tolerance

Epigenetic Responses of Trees to Environmental Stress in the Context of Climate Change

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Miryeganeh, Matin, Armitage, David W.·2025·Biological Reviews
DOI 10.1111/brv.13132PMC PMC11718629
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Abstract

In long‐lived tree populations, when environmental change outpaces rates of evolutionary adaptation, plasticity in traits related to stress tolerance, dormancy, and dispersal may be vital for preventing extinction. While a population's genetic background partly determines its ability to adapt to a changing environment, so too do the many types of epigenetic modifications that occur within and among populations, which vary on timescales orders of magnitude faster than the emergence of new beneficial alleles. Consequently, phenotypic plasticity driven by epigenetic modification may be especially critical for sessile, long‐lived organisms such as trees that must rely on this plasticity to keep pace with rapid anthropogenic environmental change. While studies have reported large effects of DNA methylation, histone modification, and non‐coding RNAs on the expression of stress‐tolerance genes and resulting phenotypic responses, little is known about the role of these effects in non‐model plants and particularly in trees. Here, we review new findings in plant epigenetics with particular relevance to the ability of trees to adapt to or escape stressors associated with rapid climate change. Such findings include specific epigenetic influences over drought, heat, and salinity tolerance, as well as dormancy and dispersal traits. We also highlight promising findings concerning transgenerational inheritance of an epigenetic ‘stress memory’ in plants. As epigenetic information is becoming increasingly easy to obtain, we close by outlining ways in which ecologists can use epigenetic information better to inform population management and forecasting efforts. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind phenotypic plasticity and stress memory in tree species offers a promising path towards a mechanistic understanding of trees' responses to climate change.

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  • Hormonal imbalances caused by frequent use of high concentrations of auxins and cytokinins can destabilize the plant's hormonal equilibrium and trigger genetic instability.

    “Likewise, hormonal imbalances caused by the frequent use of high concentrations of auxins and cytokinins, though vital for shoot initiation and proliferation, can destabilize the plant's hormonal equilibrium and trigger genetic instability [73,74].”

    From Somaclonal Variation and Clonal Fidelity in Commercial Micropropagation: Challenges and Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [73]

    The Introduction (Background; page unavailable) mentions auxin concentrations as a plant characteristic involved in stress responses, but not the repeated application of high concentrations of auxins or cytokinins. Searches for cytokinins, hormonal imbalance, shoot initiation, and genetic instability found no passage addressing the claimed causal link. (LLM, conf=0.74)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Culture conditions profoundly impact somaclonal variation, as in vitro environments differ from natural conditions, subjecting plant cells to stresses that alter metabolism and trigger somaclonal variation.

    “Culture conditions also profoundly impact, as in vitro environments differ significantly from natural conditions, subjecting plant cells to stresses that can alter their metabolism and trigger somaclonal variation [72,73].”

    From Somaclonal Variation and Clonal Fidelity in Commercial Micropropagation: Challenges and Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [73]

    The Introduction discusses environmental stress and epigenetic variation in trees, and the drought-stress section distinguishes controlled experiments from natural populations. Neither addresses whether in vitro culture conditions alter plant-cell metabolism or trigger somaclonal variation (searched: somaclonal variation, in vitro, and culture conditions). (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Nutrient imbalances in artificial media can cause cellular stress, affect metabolism, and increase mutation rates.

    “For example, nutrient imbalances in artificial media can cause cellular stress, affect metabolism, and increase mutation rates [73].”

    From Somaclonal Variation and Clonal Fidelity in Commercial Micropropagation: Challenges and Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [73]

    The Introduction glossary identifies nutrient deficit as a plant stressor, and the biotic-stress section discusses experiments with different nutrient levels. Neither passage addresses nutrient imbalances in artificial media or their claimed effects on cellular metabolism and mutation rates; searches for those terms found no supporting passage. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.73)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Miryeganeh, M., & Armitage, D. W.
Affiliations
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (JP)
Corresponding author
Miryeganeh, Matin
ORCID
Miryeganeh, Matin
Venue
Biological Reviews
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2024-08-27
Volume
100
Issue
1
Pages
131-148
ISSN
  • 0006-3231 (ISSN-L)
  • 1464-7931
  • 1469-185X
DOI
10.1111/brv.13132
PMC
PMC11718629
OpenAlex
W4401967606
Cited by
44
References
170
Citations by year
2026: 24 · 2025: 20
FWCI
1.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University) (submittedVersion)
  • Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • Fusion Oriented REsearch for disruptive Science and Technology (JPMJFR224G)
  • Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Molecular Biology Research
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
Keywords
plant epigenetics, phenotypic plasticity, trees, climate change adaptation, drought tolerance, heat tolerance, salt tolerance, dormancy, seed dispersal, transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, stress memory, DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNA, long-lived species, extinction risk, population management
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Physiological, Stress, Physiological, Trees, Epigenesis, Genetic, Climate Change

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