Uncovering clinical principles and techniques to address minority stress, mental health, and related health risks among gay and bisexual men.
Open accessAbstract
Gay and bisexual men disproportionately experience depression, anxiety, and related health risks at least partially because of their exposure to sexual minority stress. This paper describes the adaptation of an evidence-based intervention capable of targeting the psychosocial pathways through which minority stress operates. Interviews with key stakeholders, including gay and bisexual men with depression and anxiety and expert providers, suggested intervention principles and techniques for improving minority stress coping. These principles and techniques are consistent with general cognitive behavioral therapy approaches, the empirical tenets of minority stress theory, and professional guidelines for LGB-affirmative mental health practice. If found to be efficacious, the psychosocial intervention described here would be one of the first to improve the mental health of gay and bisexual men by targeting minority stress.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The tailoring process incorporated suggestions from the literature where comparable interventions have been successfully tested with the LGBTQ+ community.
“We have also incorporated other suggestions from the literature [25,26], where comparable interventions have been successfully tested with the LGBTQ+ community.”
From An Internet-Based Intervention to Increase the Ability of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual People to Cope With Adverse Events: Single-Group Feasibility Study (2024) · cites this paper as [25]
The Abstract and Discussion say the intervention was adapted using a review of the literature and stakeholder input. But the Discussion says testing with gay and bisexual men was ongoing, not that the adapted intervention had been successfully tested; it also does not establish success across the broader LGBTQ+ community. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOnly one randomized controlled trial has been conducted with sexual minority young people to test a CBT-based intervention targeting mental health outcomes-ESTEEM.
“To the authors’ knowledge, only one randomized controlled trial has been conducted with sexual minority young people to test a CBT-based intervention targeting mental health outcomes—ESTEEM (Effective Skills to Empower Effective Men) [31,32,33].”
From Findings from a feasibility study of an adapted cognitive behavioral therapy group intervention to reduce depression among lgbtq (Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer) young people (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
The Method (Procedure, Phase 5; page unavailable) describes ESTEEM as being tested in a randomized waitlist-controlled trial with gay and bisexual men reporting depression and anxiety symptoms. The Discussion (page unavailable) calls the trial ongoing and the intervention “one of the first”; it does not establish that a trial had been completed, that it was the only such trial, or that participants were young people. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 99 · Cited by 217
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Derogatis LR 2001 BSI 18, Brief Symptom Inventory 18: Administration, scoring and procedures manual NCS Pearson, Incorporated
- Authors
- Pachankis, J. E.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pachankis, John E.
- ORCID
- Pachankis, John E.
- Venue
- Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 313-330
- ISSN
- 0969-5893 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-2850
- PMC
- PMC4278648
- OpenAlex
- W1987765649
- Cited by
- 217
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 21.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Clinical Psychology Science and Practice (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R34-MH096607)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › LGBTQ Health, Identity, and Policy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- minority stress, gay and bisexual men, depression, anxiety, mental health, sexual minority stress, psychosocial interventions, cognitive behavioral therapy, intervention adaptation, stakeholder interviews
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
