The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
PAS and GMS utility in dermatopathology: Review of the current medical literature
Open accessAbstract
The American Society of Dermatopathology has established an Appropriate Use Criteria (AUC) Committee with the intention of establishing evidence-based recommendations regarding the appropriateness of various ancillary tests commonly utilized by dermatopathologists. Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) and Grocott (or Gomori) methenamine silver (GMS) stains represent some of the most commonly employed ancillary tests in dermatopathology. The utility of these tests was targeted for evaluation by the AUC. This literature review represents a comprehensive evaluation of available evidence for the utility of PAS and/or GMS staining of skin and nail biopsies. In concert with expert opinion, these data will be incorporated into future recommendations by the AUC for PAS and GMS staining in routine dermatopathology practice.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These cases usually require careful histological examination and the use of special stains, such as periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) and Gomori methenamine silver (GMS) [24,25,26].”
From Artificial Intelligence in the Histopathological Assessment of Non-Neoplastic Skin Disorders: A Narrative Review with Future Perspectives (2025) · cites this paper as [25]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Comparison of diagnostic methods in the evaluation of onychomycosis
Weinberg, J. M., Koestenblatt, E. K., Tutrone, W. D., et al. (2003) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1067/s0190-9622(03)01480-4 · Cited by 297
Methods for Diagnosing Onychomycosis
Lawry, M. A., Haneke, E., Strobeck, K., Martin, S., Zimmer, B. A., & Romano, P. S. (2000) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.136.9.1112 · Cited by 175
Histologic Evaluation of Nail Clippings for Diagnosing Onychomycosis
Suarez, S. M. (1991) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.1991.01680090081008 · Cited by 107
Shenoy, M., Teerthanath, S., Karnaker, V. K., et al. (2008) · Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology · doi:10.4103/0378-6323.39584 · Cited by 104
Lilly, K. K., Koshnick, R. L., Grill, J. P., Khalil, Z. M., Nelson, D. B., & Warshaw, E. M. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2006.03.033 · Cited by 92
Histopathological diagnosis of onychomycosis by periodic acid-Schiff-stained nail clippings
Reisberger, E.-M., Abels, C., Landthaler, M., et al. (2003) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05029.x · Cited by 89
New reasons for histopathological nail‐clipping examination in the diagnosis of onychomycosis
Wilsmann‐Theis, D., Sareika, F., Bieber, T. R. M., et al. (2010) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03704.x · Cited by 88
Usefulness of Histological Examination for the Diagnosis of Onychomycosis
Gianni, C., Morelli, V., Cerri, A., Greco, C., Rossini, P., Guiducci, A., Braidotti, P., Calcaterra, R., & Papini, M. (2001) · Dermatology · doi:10.1159/000051659 · Cited by 74
Comparison of diagnostic methods for onychomycosis, and proposal of a diagnostic algorithm
Jung, M. Y., Shim, J., Lee, J. H., et al. (2015) · Clinical and Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1111/ced.12593 · Cited by 66
Comparison of direct smear, culture and histology for the diagnosis of onychomycosis
Karimzadegannia, M., Mohammadi, A. M., Bouzari, N., & Firooz, A. (2007) · Australasian Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-0960.2007.00320.x · Cited by 66
Jeelani, S., Ahmed, Q. M., Lanker, A., Hassan, I., Jeelani, N., & Fazili, T. (2014) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/myc.12251 · Cited by 58
A histopathologic study of oral mucosal lupus erythematosus
Karjalainen, T. K., & Tomich, C. E. (1989) · Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology · doi:10.1016/0030-4220(89)90271-5 · Cited by 56
Al‐Amiri, A., Chatrath, V., Bhawan, J., & Stefanato, C. M. (2003) · Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0560.2003.00111.x · Cited by 48
A modified approach to the histologic diagnosis of onychomycosis
Chang, A., Wharton, J., Tam, S. T., et al. (2007) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2007.05.015 · Cited by 43
Onychomycosis: An Analysis of 50 Cases and a Comparison of Diagnostic Techniques
Borkowski, P., Williams, M., Holewinski, J., & Bakotic, B. W. (2001) · Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association · doi:10.7547/87507315-91-7-351 · Cited by 43
Machler, B. C., Kirsner, R. S., & Elgart, G. W. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 43
Cutaneous and mucosal mucormycosis mimicking pancreatic panniculitis and gouty panniculitis
Requena, L., Sitthinamsuwan, P., Santonja, C., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2011.06.024 · Cited by 42
GMS is superior to PAS for diagnosis of onychomycosis
D’Hue, Z., Perkins, S. M., & Billings, S. D. (2008) · Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2007.00890.x · Cited by 37
PAS is optimal for diagnosing onychomycosis
Barak, O. G., Asarch, A., & Horn, T. D. (2010) · Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2010.01545.x · Cited by 33
CUTANEOUS LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: DIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND EPIDERMAL BASAL MEMBRANE STUDY
SUGAI, S. A., GERBASE, A. B., Cernea, S. S., et al. (1992) · International Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1992.tb03567.x · Cited by 33
Mayer, E., Izhak, O. B., & Bergman, R. (2012) · American Journal of Dermatopathology · doi:10.1097/dad.0b013e318234cc49 · Cited by 31
Vidal, C. I., Armbrect, E. A., Andea, A. A., et al. (2018) · Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · doi:10.1111/cup.13142 · Cited by 31
Onychomycosis and the Diagnostic Significance of Nail Biopsy
Grover, C., Reddy, B. S. N., & Chaturvedi, K. U. (2003) · The Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2003.tb00358.x · Cited by 30
Fung, M. A., Murphy, M. J., Hoss, D. M., et al. (2003) · American Journal of Dermatopathology · doi:10.1097/00000372-200308000-00002 · Cited by 27
'Clues' for the Histological Diagnosis of Tinea: How Reliable Are They?
Park, Y. W., Kim, D. Y., Yoon, S. Y., et al. (2014) · Annals of Dermatology · doi:10.5021/ad.2014.26.2.286 · Cited by 27
Comparison between PAS and GMS stains for the diagnosis of onychomycosis
Kermanshahi, T. R., & Rhatigan, R. M. (2009) · Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01468.x · Cited by 27
Intraepidermal neutrophils – a clue to dermatophytosis?
Meymandi, S. S., Silver, S. G., & Crawford, R. I. (2003) · Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · doi:10.1046/j.0303-6987.2003.045.x · Cited by 25
CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF DEEP MYCOSIS: AN EXPERIENCE IN A TROPICAL PATHOLOGY LABORATORY
Samaila, M. O., & Abdullahi, K. (2011) · Indian Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.4103/0019-5154.82481 · Cited by 24
Karaman, B. F., Açıkalın, A., Ünal, İ., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/ijd.14255 · Cited by 24
Pereira, T., Pujar, A., Tamgadge, A., et al. (2015) · Indian Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.4103/0019-5154.159626 · Cited by 23
Hsiao, Y., Lin, H.-S., Wu, T.-W., et al. (2006) · Journal of Dermatological Science · doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2006.09.006 · Cited by 23
A Retrospective Review of Diagnostic Testing for Onychomycosis of the Foot
Blake, N., Zhu, J., Hernandez, G., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association · doi:10.7547/14-063.1 · Cited by 23
The Role of Saprophytic Fungi in the Production of Eczematous Dermatitis
JILLSON, O. F., & Piper, E. L. (1957) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.1957.14 · Cited by 23
Histologic Preparations: Common Problems and Their Solutions
Brown, R. W. (2009) · Cited by 23
Lavorato, F. G., Guimarães, D. A., Premazzi, M. G., et al. (2017) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/myc.12633 · Cited by 22
Vidal, C. I., Armbrect, E. A., Andea, A. A., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2018.04.033 · Cited by 21
Vélez, A. M. A., Upegui, Y., & Howard, M. S. (2016) · North American Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.4103/1947-2714.179132 · Cited by 18
Clinical, mycological and histological aspects of white onychomycosis
Moreno‐Coutiño, G., Toussaint‐Caire, S., & Arenas, R. (2009) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01683.x · Cited by 17
Murphy, J. K., & O’Donohue, L. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Pathology · doi:10.1136/jcp.2003.12104 · Cited by 16
When to suspect tinea; a histopathologic study of 103 cases of PAS ‐positive tinea
Elbendary, A., Valdebran, M., Gad, A., et al. (2016) · Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · doi:10.1111/cup.12757 · Cited by 15
Wang, M. Z., Guo, R., & Lehman, J. S. (2016) · Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · doi:10.1111/cup.12865 · Cited by 15
Prominent papillary dermal edema in dermatophytosis (tinea corporis)*
Hoss, D. M., Berke, A. B., Kerr, P. E., et al. (2009) · Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2009.01314.x · Cited by 13
Axelson, G. K., Giorgadze, T. A., & Youngberg, G. A. (2007) · Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2007.00769.x · Cited by 13
Khoobyari, S., Miller, T. I., & Shinohara, M. M. (2018) · American Journal of Dermatopathology · doi:10.1097/dad.0000000000001299 · Cited by 13
Amyloid Deposition Is Frequently Observed in Skin Lesions of Hypertrophic Lupus Erythematosus
Khan, M. A. K., Maruno, M., Khaskhely, N. M., Uezato, H., & Nonaka, S. (2002) · The Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1346-8138.2002.tb00193.x · Cited by 12
Evaluation of skin biopsies for fungal infections: role of routine fungal staining
Mohan, H., Bal, A., & Aulakh, R. (2008) · Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2007.00978.x · Cited by 12
Subungual hyperkeratosis nail biopsy: A better diagnostic tool for onychomycosis
Nayak, C., Gadkari, R., Nagar, R., et al. (2012) · Indian Journal of Dermatology Venereology and Leprology · doi:10.4103/0378-6323.100579 · Cited by 11
Colloid body formation in bullous pemphigoid
Horiguchi, Y., Danno, K., Ikai, K., et al. (1985) · Archives of Dermatological Research · doi:10.1007/bf00404311 · Cited by 10
Modified PAS stain: A new diagnostic method for onychomycosis
Hajar, T., Fernández‐Martínez, R., Moreno‐Coutiño, G., et al. (2015) · Revista Iberoamericana de Micología · doi:10.1016/j.riam.2014.10.002 · Cited by 9
Immunofluorescent Localization Of Basement Membrane In Lesions Of Dermatitis Herpetiformis
Hertz, K. C., Gazze, L. A., & Katz, S. I. (1976) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12598497 · Cited by 8
Gocev, Đ., & Damevska, K. (2010) · Serbian Journal of Dermatology and Venerology · doi:10.2478/v10249-011-0021-0 · Cited by 6
Malik, N. A., Nasiruddin, Dar, N. R., et al. (2006) · PubMed · doi:10.2006/jcpsp.641644 · Cited by 6
Zaaroura, H., & Bergman, R. (2019) · Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · doi:10.1111/cup.13451 · Cited by 6
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Della Speranza VFR, 2005, A common mistake when staining for fungi, HistoLogic, 38, 1
- Mehregan DA, 1997, Onychomycosis, Cutis, 59, 247
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Della Mura, M., Sorino, J., Colagrande, A., Daruish, M., Ingravallo, G., Massaro, A., Cazzato, G., Lupo, C., Casatta, N., Ribatti, D., et al. (2025) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci13020070 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Shalin, S. C., Ferringer, T., & Cassarino, D. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- Geisinger Medical Center (US)
- Kaiser Permanente (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cassarino, David S.
- Venue
- Journal of Cutaneous Pathology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-08-22
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1096-1102
- ISSN
- 0303-6987 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-0560
- OpenAlex
- W3033941366
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 0.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Cutaneous Pathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Nail Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Medicine and Dermatology Studies History
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Cancer and Skin Lesions
- Keywords
- PAS staining, Gomori methenamine silver staining, appropriate use criteria, ancillary testing, dermatopathology, nail biopsy, skin biopsy, evidence-based recommendations
- MeSH terms
- Dermatology, Humans, Methenamine, Pathology, Periodic Acid-Schiff Reaction, Skin Diseases, Staining and Labeling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review